Advanced Materials Research Vol. 506

Abstract: The Anadaragranosa and Pernaviridis shell sample were prepared in powder and plate form has been studied. The crystal structure of the shells was studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The identification and quantitative analysis were performed by the XRD patterns and the Rietveld method. It found that the crystal structure of Anadaragranosa shells is a pure aragonite phase, and the Pernaviridis shells is a mixture phase of aragonite and calcite. Also we used the scanning electron microscope (SEM) to study the Morphology of the Anadaragranosa and Pernaviridis shell sample. The results on SEM micrographs agree well with those of XRD. The results from SEM can be described the textural information and used to determine of the mollusc shell. In addition, the metals in the shells were determined by ESR spectroscopy. The metals in all samples reveals that Mn were found in all mussel shells, and then the ESR spectrum agree well with those of XRD and SEM result, then it can be used to indentification of structural of mollusc shell.

Abstract: Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is platelet concentration that contains growth factors and acts as a biodegradable scaffold. The aims of this study were to determinethe quantity ofentrappedgrowth factors (Platelet derived growth factor BB, PDGF-BB) in the PRF and radiographically assess the stability of the fibrin in maintaining the lifted sinus space in minipigs. From the in vitro study, PRF was found slowly releasing thegrowth factor, PDGF-BB, during the ex-vivo period of 60 minutes, and the amount (1,963.93±380.17 pg/ml) was comparable to the total amount from immediate extraction either by physical (2,492.2±199.78 pg/ml) or chemical lysis (2,227.32±566.59 pg/ml).In vivo study, PRF wasable to be retained in the sinus of minipigs with minimal collapse during the first 2 weeks after application. PRF has been proven to be a source for growth factors and is able to be retained in the body during the initial period of wound healing.

Abstract: Propolis is the mixture of resins that honeybees collect from plant buds, leaves and exudates. Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of propolis have been widely studied, however, there have few reports on Thai propolis. To increase the efficient extraction of organic propolis compounds, extraction methods have been developed. We applied the ultrasound technology to reduce extraction time and increase extraction yields of propolis. The propolis was extracted using ultrasound technology for 15-60 minutes and the propolis extracts were examined to compare their biological activities. Antimicrobial activities of the propolis were investigated using the agar well diffusion method. The free radical-scavenging and antioxidant activities of propolis extracts were measured using the DPPH and FolinCiocalteau colorimetric methods. The propolis extracted using ultrasound for 15 and 30 minutes showed inhibitory effects on tested fungi and bacteria as well as antioxidant activities.

Abstract: Nowadays, natural cosmetics have become more popular and acceptable to consumers than the chemically synthesized ones. In this study, we have developed a new formulation for gel-based lipstick by using the mixture of Longan honey and natural color extracts from Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) and Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). The final products were analyzed for their physical and antioxidant properties. The new formulated lipstick showed good antioxidantproperties ranging from IC₅₀ 0.25±0.12 to 5.12±0.24 mg/ml when tested by using DPPH radical scavenging method. Stability test was also conducted by several heating and cooling cycles. The physical characters (i.e. viscosity and pH) were also examined and recorded.

Abstract: Silk fibroin has been widely studied and used in biomedical devices such as sutures because of its excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility and slow degradability. In this study, Thai silk fibroin was applied as the main material for vascular scaffolds. Surface morphology, water absorption, suture retention strength and cell compatibility were investigated. Fibroin (F) films, fibroin/type A gelatin (FA) and fibroin/type B gelatin (FB) scaffolds were compatible with L929 fibroblast cells line. Double-layers vascular scaffolds (approximately 5 mm inner diameter) consist of lyophilized fibroin/gelatin scaffold as the inner layer and air dried silk fibroin scaffold as the outer layer (F/FG scaffold). The inner layer had porous stucture with average pore size 70±18 µm, and the outer layer had smooth surface after observation under a scanning electron microscope. The percentage of water absorption of F/FG scaffolds (116±5%) was significantly higher than that of F scaffolds (90±4%). Suture retention strength of F/FG scaffolds (303±33 gf) examined by using universal testing machine was significantly higher than that of F scaffolds (200±45 gf). Suture retention force of the scaffolds was similar to that of human artery and was higher than the requirement of ANSI/AAMI VP20-1994: the standard of Cardiovascular implant-Vascular graft prostheses.

Abstract: Silks are the biomaterials that have been used for a century. Most of them are related to the biomedical applications especially silk fibroin. Since the gelation process of silk fibroin was affected by many factors for example the concentration of silk fibroin protein, pH, temperature and cross-linking agent. These factors also influence on the mechanical properties of the silk gel. This study is then focused on making silk fibroin gel by using poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) as a cross-linking agent and physical induced by ultrasonic. The structure of SF/PVA gel was examined by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR). The two main effects of ultrasonic and PVA to the silk fibroin gelation are the gelation time and the gel structure. The more ultrasonic power and PVA amount can make the silk fibroin solution becomes a gel faster. For the gel structure, both ultrasonic and PVA affect to the Amide I and Amide II structure which lead to the gel characteristic used as a wound dressing in the future.

Abstract: Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) loaded ginger extract were prepared by microemulsion technique. The nanoparticles were composed of stearic acid as solid lipids, Cremophor RH 40 as surfactant and ethanol as co-surfactant. It was found that variation in the amount of surfactant and co-surfactant had profound effects on the mean particle size, the drug entrapment efficiency and loading capacity. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) revealed the spherical nature of the particles. The mean particle size of SLNs ranging between 453.1 and 551.7 nm were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The entrapment efficiency (EE) and drug loading capacity (LC) determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) found to be in the range of 85.2390.07% and 1.411.49%, respectively.

Abstract: Pulverized rhizome of Curcuma peliolata on hydrodistillation, afforded light yellow essential oil in the yield of 0.13% v/w. The chemical constituent of the essential oil was determined by GC-MS. Nine compounds representing 95.34 % of the total oil were identified. The major compounds of the oil were 2-methyl-5-pentanol, 1H-pyrrol-1-amine,2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-n,n,5-trimethyl, and curcumol. The distillated aqueous was extracted with dicloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and n-butanol. The DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power of the extracts were investigated. Curcumin and ascorbic acid were used as standard references. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was decrease in order: curcumin ascorbic acid EtOAc extract > DCM extract > n-butanol extract > aqueous extract. The EtOAc extract showed significantly highest inhibition of the radical scavenging activity with IC₅₀ 0.092 ± 0.001 mg/mL (curcumin and ascorbic acid (IC₅₀ 0.012 and 0.013 mg/mL, respectively (P<0.05)). While, the DCM extract showed highest reducing power with IC₅₀ = 0.271 mg/mL which lower than that of standard curcumin (IC₅₀ = 0.013 mg/mL) and ascorbic acid (IC₅₀ = 0.002 mg/mL).Introduction

Abstract: The polysaccharides from seeds of Cassia fistula and Delonix regia were used to prepare the films. After added with Quercus infectoria extracts, films were evaluated for the antibacterial properties by disk diffusion assay. The obtained results showed that the films exhibited antibacterial activity against both gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacterium. The inhibition of bacterial was also observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After treated with the antibacterial films, the shape of bacterial cells loses uniformity and become leaky and unhealthy.

Abstract: The antibacterial properties of konjac glucomannan (KGM) film containing two herb extracts (Atractylodes lancea and Saussurea lappa) at various concentrations was studied in this present work. This activity was tested against two pathogenic bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that the mean value of inhibition zone diameter of incorporated films with Saussurea lappa extracts were higher than those incorporating Atractylodes lancea extracts for all concentrations. The film incorporated with S. lappa extract had higher antibacterial activity against both bacteria than incorporated with A. lamcea. For all these levels, it can be seen that the KGM film had satisfactory physical properties and antibacterial activities.