Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Granules Concept for Injectable and Mouldable Bone Substitute

The development of calcium phosphate ceramics and other related biomaterials for bone graft involved a better control of the process of biomaterials resorption and bone substitution. The biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics (BCP) concept is determined by an optimum balance of the more stable phase of HA and more soluble TCP. The material is soluble and gradually dissolves in the body, seeding new bone formation as it releases calcium and phosphate ions into the biological medium The main attractive feature of BCP ceramic is their ability to form a direct bond with the host bone resulting in a strong interface. The formation of this dynamic interface is the result of a sequence of events involving interaction with cells; formation of carbonate hydroxyapatite CHA (similar to bone mineral) by dissolution/precipitation processes. At the present time, BCP is commercially available in blocks, particulates, customized design. The need of material for Minimal Invasive Surgery (MIS) induced the development of a concept of granules combination with polymer or calcium phosphate cement for injectable/mouldable bone substitutes. Four types of injectable/mouldable bone substitutes have been developed by INSERM Nantes University.