Calcium Phosphate Cement (CPC): A Critical Development Path |
| Journal |
Key Engineering Materials (Volumes 361 - 363) |
| Volume |
Bioceramics 20 |
| Pages |
303-306 |
| DOI |
10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.361-363.303 |
| Online since |
November, 2007 |
| Authors |
Aliassghar Tofighi,
K. Schaffer,
R. Palazzolo
|
| Keywords |
Bone Cement, Calcium Phosphate (CaP), Characterization, Competitors |
| Abstract |
The first generation of synthetic bone substitute materials (BSM) was initially
investigated in the mid 1970s using hydroxyapatite (HA) as a biomaterial for remodeling of bone
defects. The concepts established by CPC pioneers in the early 1980s were used as a platform to
initiate a second generation of BSM for commercialization. Since then, advances have been made in
composition, performance and manufacturing.
A self-setting and injectable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) based on amorphous calcium
phosphate (ACP) with calcium to phosphate (Ca/P) atomic ratio less than 1.5, combined with
dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD or brushite, seeded with apatite), is proposed.
Amorphization of raw material was observed following high energy mechano-chemical processing.
Upon hydration, the cement hardened in less than 3 minutes at 37ºC and reached a maximum
compressive strength of about 50 MPa.
The final product was a low crystalline calcium deficient carbonated apatite similar to the
composition and structure of bone mineral.
In vivo performance of this cement in mediating bone healing was compared to α-BSM® in a rabbit
femoral defect model.
Performance characteristics of some commercially available CPC products are compared. The
concerns of CPC designers and the needs of product users (surgeons) are discussed. |
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