X-Ray Diffraction in Failure Analysis of Rolling Bearings |
| Journal |
Materials Science Forum (Volumes 524 - 525) |
| Volume |
Residual Stresses VII |
| Pages |
147-152 |
| DOI |
10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.524-525.147 |
| Online since |
September, 2006 |
| Authors |
Wolfgang Nierlich,
Juergen Gegner,
Mandy Brückner
|
| Keywords |
Boundary Lubrication, Camshafts, Failure Analysis, Gray Staining, Lubricant Contamination, Material Response Analysis, Rolling Bearing, Rolling Contact Fatigue, Surface Failure Mode |
| Abstract |
By X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, material conditions of rolling bearings are
red that point to a variety of load possibilities especially at raceway surfaces. Due to unambiguously
distinguishable damage symptoms, according to H. Muro, it is differentiated between the surface
and sub-surface failure mode in the literature. Surface distress of different intensity can be generated
by particle-contaminated lubricants that result in raceway indentations. These micro-Hertzian
contacts may lead to changes in residual stress and line broadening and in the microstructure. Another
cause of surface distress is boundary lubrication. Relevant position and nature of the failure
mechanisms are characterized. In case of initial material stabilization, the time alterations of the
XRD parameters correlate with the statistical parameter of the 10 % bearing life. Contrary to the L10
value for sub-surface fatigue, which leads to spalling only a long time after incipient material softening,
in the surface damage mode the L10 life roughly coincides with the beginning of the instability
phase. Surface pitting or gray staining turns up frequently with low XRD indication of material
aging. Here, scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis point to corrosion
fatigue. The interaction between material and lubricant opens research in the field of tribology. |
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