Non-Destructive Quantitative Phase and Residual Stress Analysis Versus Depth Using Grazing X-Ray Diffraction |
| Journal |
Solid State Phenomena (Volume 130) |
| Volume |
APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY XX |
| Edited by |
Danuta Stróż & Małgorzata Karolus |
| Pages |
47-52 |
| DOI |
10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.130.47 |
| Online since |
December, 2007 |
| Authors |
S.J. Skrzypek,
M. Goły,
Wiktoria Ratuszek,
Mieczyslaw Kowalski
|
| Keywords |
Non-Destructive Characterization of Surface Layers, Residual Macroscopic Stresses, Retained Austenite, Surface Layers of Ball Bearings, X-Ray Diffraction Based on Grazing Incidence Angle Geometry |
| Abstract |
The non-destructive structure characterisation of surface layers for various kinds of
ball bearings can be a powerful method in surface characterization and in quality control. The
ball bearings were made of 100Cr6 steel and they were superfinished and mechanically
burnished.
An application of classical X-ray diffraction sin2ψ method and classical Bragg-Brentano
diffraction geometry in these kinds of surface examinations make some problems in term of X-ray
real depth of penetration. An application of methods based on grazing angle X-ray diffraction
geometry, made possible to get real value of residual macro-stresses, retained austenite and
additionally could be suitable in estimation of their gradient-like distribution versus depth under
surface. An application of this geometry to X-ray diffraction phase analysis enabled to get phase
contents versus thickness under surface in non-destructive way as well. The results are not infected
by gradient-like distribution.
The X-ray quantitative phase analysis was used to establish volume fraction of transformed
retained austenite. Theoretical calculation of residual macro-stresses due to volume fraction of
transformed austenite in ball bearings and following measurements of residual stresses were curried
out as well.
The mechanical burnishing of ball bearings caused big compressive residual stresses about –
1000 MPa and phase transformation of austenite in thin surface layer. These factors can influence
on properties of following exploitation and durability. |
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