Papers by Author: Gerhard Neumann

Abstract: This paper presents equipment for the measurement of initial as well as final setting times of calcium phosphate cements containing alkali to achieve higher solubility. Until now, the selfsetting process of cements also if alkali is integrated has been tested by using the “standard test method for time of setting of hydraulic-cement paste by Gillmore needles” in accordance to ASTM C 266 – 99. This procedure needs high man power and, furthermore, the results have been markedly influenced by individual experiences that are incorporated in the criterion “without appreciable indentation”.