Papers by Author: Tae Kwon Ha

Abstract: The hot deformation behavior of a high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel for construction application under hot working conditions in the temperature range of 900 to 1100 and strain rate range from 0.1 to 10 s^-1 has been studied by performing a series of hot compression tests. The dynamic materials model has been employed for developing the processing maps, which show variation of the efficiency of power dissipation with temperature and strain rate. Also the Kumars model has been used for developing the instability map, which shows variation of the instability for plastic deformation with temperature and strain rate. The efficiency of power dissipation increased with decreasing strain rate and increasing temperature. High efficiency of power dissipation over 20 % was obtained at a finite strain level of 0.3 under the conditions of strain rate lower than 1 s^-1 and temperature higher than 1050. Plastic instability was expected in the regime of temperatures lower than 1000°C and strain rate lower than 0.3 s^-1.

Abstract: Ti-45.5Al-2Cr-4Nb-0.4B alloy was cast by vacuum arc melting at high purity Ar atmosphere using high purity sponge Ti, granular Al (99.99%), flake Nb (99.9%), lump Cr (99.9%) and TiB2 (99.5%) and subsequently heat-treated to obtain a couple of microstructures, i.e. lamellar and near γ. The heat treatment consisted of annealing at a high temperature (1200 ~ 1330oC) of different phase fields for 24 hrs and stabilizing at 900oC for 4 hrs followed by air cooling. Fracture toughness was measured on the specimens with different microstructures at room temperature. The value of KQ of specimen with fully lamella structure was obtained as 18.68 MPa √m, much higher than that of specimen with near γ structure (11.84 MPa √m). It was also revealed that the KQ value was decreased as the annealing temperature decreased.

Abstract: Strengthening method for the Fe-36Ni based Invar alloy for power transmission wire was investigated in this study. High strength of 1300 MPa could be obtained in this alloy through solution hardening, precipitation hardening and strain hardening by cold working. Phase equilibrium of the Invar alloy was calculated using FactSage®, revealing that thermodynamically stable phases are Mo2C, MoC, M23C6-type FeCrMo carbide, and M6C-type FeMo carbides. Aging treatments were carried out at temperatures ranging from 400 to 900oC for time intervals from 3 min to 30 hrs. Peak aging condition was obtained as 400oC and 1 hr. With temperature increased, peak hardness was decreased abruptly. Microstructure observation was conducted by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. By using the result from aging treatment, high strength above 1300MPa was obtained in the cold rolled Invar alloy plate.

Abstract: The formability of a Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 bulk metallic glass has been investigated in the present study in relation to the heating rate. A series of extrusion tests after rapid heating has been performed in a laboratory scale together with sheet forming tests after slow heating for comparison purpose. The basic processing map based on dynamic materials model (DMM) and compression test data has been utilized to evaluate feasible forming conditions. The macroscopic formability, classified by fully formed, partially formed or a catastrophic fracture, is found to have a good correspondence with the iso-efficiency contour in the processing map. The region of high power dissipation efficiencies with η>0.8 is found to be broaden by avoiding crystallization events due to reduced exposure time in extrusion process with a faster heating rate.

Abstract: Thermal fatigue is a complex phenomenon encountered in materials exposed to cyclically varying temperatures in the presence or absence of external load. Continually increasing working temperature and growing need for greater efficiency and reliability of automotive exhaust require immediate investigation into the thermal fatigue properties especially of high temperature stainless steels. In this study, thermal fatigue properties of 304 and 429EM stainless steels have been evaluated in the temperature ranges of 200-800oC and 200-900oC. Systematic methods for control of temperatures within the predetermined range and measurement of load applied to specimens as a function of temperature during thermal cycles have been established. Thermal fatigue tests were conducted under fully constrained condition, where both ends of specimens were completely fixed. Thermal fatigue property of STS 304 was superior to that of STS 429EM. Load relaxation behavior at the temperatures of thermal cycle was closely related with the thermal fatigue property.

Abstract: In the present study, powder injection molding (PIM) process, in which the porosity of sintered parts can be easily controlled, has been employed to produce specimens with the various porosities from the initial stage of sintering and to the stage of nearly full density. A series of tensile tests has been conducted on these specimens at room temperature to elucidate the effect of a wide range of porosity. The material used in this study was 17-4 PH stainless steel, which is the precipitation hardenable stainless steel containing 4% of Cu and well known to show high strength and the high corrosion resistance at the same time. The 17-4 PH stainless steel powders used in this study were produced by the high-pressure water atomization method. Based on the results of tensile tests on the specimens with the various porosity, a new approach to predict the elongation of sintered materials has been carried out and a new framework combining neck growth model and ideal pore model has been established.

Abstract: Texture evolution and superplastic deformation behavior of a quasi-single phase Zn-0.3wt%Al have been investigated. It was attempted to produce a stable and fine-grained microstructure in a dilute Zn-Al alloy through a proper thermomechanical treatment process (TMTP). The grain size of about 1 µm was obtained in the Zn-0.3 wt.% Al alloy and a relatively coarse grain size of 10 µm was also obtained through a subsequent aging treatment. The fine-grained material showed typical rolling texture with basal poles tilted about 30 degrees away from the ND toward RD, while the coarse-grained material showed a typical recrystallization texture with basal poles parallel to ND. A series of load relaxation and tensile tests were conducted at room temperature. According to the internal variable theory of structural superplasticity, the grain boundary characters of fine and coarse-grained materials were different from each other. A large elongation of about 1400% was obtained in fine-grained material at room temperature.

Abstract: The effect of warm rolling under various conditions on the microstructure and mechanical property was investigated using an AZ31 Mg alloy sheet. Several processing parameters such as initial thickness, thickness reduction by a single pass rolling, rolling temperature, roll speed, and roll temperature were varied to elicit an optimum condition for the warm rolling process of AZ31 Mg alloy. Microstructure and mechanical properties were measured for specimens subjected to rolling experiments of various conditions. Warm rolling of 30% thickness reduction per pass was possible without any side-crack at temperatures as low as 200oC under the roll speed of 30 m/min. The initial microstructure before rolling was the mixed one consisting of partially recrystallized and cast structures. Grain refinement was found to occur actively during the warm rolling, producing a very fine grain size of 7 µm after 50% reduction in single pass rolling at 200oC. Yield strength of 204MPa, tensile strength of 330MPa and uniform elongation of 32% have been obtained in warm rolled sheets.

Abstract: High temperature deformation behavior of a Ti-Al intermetallic compound has been investigated in this study. Specimens with a near gamma and a lamella structure were obtained by performing heat treatment at temperatures from 1200 to 1330°C for 24 hr, respectively, and stabilized at 900°C for 4 hr followed by air cooling. A series of load relaxation tests has been conducted on these samples at temperatures ranging from 850 to 950°C to construct flow curves in the strain rate range from 10^-6/s to 10^-3/s. Strain hardening was observed even at the temperature of 950°C in both the near gamma and the lamella structures. Further aging treatment for 12 hr at the test temperatures has been found to cause negligible softening in both microstructures, providing the strong applicability of this alloy system in the temperature range.