Papers by Author: Vladimir Shemet

Abstract: In the present study the oxidation behaviour of a number of candidate alloys for heat exchanging components was investigated in model gas mixtures containing high amounts of CO₂ and/or water vapour in the temperature range 550-700°C up to exposure times of 1000 h. During exposure in Ar/CO₂ and Ar/CO₂/H₂O base gas mixtures at 550-650°C the oxidation rates and scale compositions of martensitic 9-12%Cr steels were similar to those previously observed in steam environments. Thin and protective Cr-rich oxide scales which are commonly found during air oxidation was observed locally on the specimens surfaces after oxidation in Ar-(1-3%)O₂-CO₂. The tendency for protective chromia base scale formation increased when 3% oxygen was added, especially for the 12%Cr steel. When iron base oxide scales were formed on the metal surface, the martensitic steels tended to exhibit carburisation whereby the extent was reduced by increasing the water vapour and oxygen contents. All three studied austenitic alloys exhibited very slow scale growth rates at 550°C, however, at and above 600°C the steels with lower Cr content started to form two-layered iron rich surface oxide scales whereby the outer oxide was prone to spallation upon thermal cycling. The high-Cr austenitic steel 310N and the nickel base alloy 617 formed very thin, Cr-rich oxide scales at all used test temperatures and atmospheres. For those two materials the oxidation behaviour in gases containing water vapour in combination with intentionally added oxygen was affected by formation of volatile chromium oxyhydroxide.

Abstract: Two chromia forming materials have been exposed to different test gases at low pO2. All used test gases contained hydrogen species in the form of molecular hydrogen and water vapour. To insure the validity of the measured H-profiles H2 was replaced by with D2 and H2O by D2O. The Deuterium profiles in the oxides formed were established using SIMS and GDOES techniques. The profiles were quantified and correlated with the growth rate and the microstructures of the chromia scales formed on in low pO2 test gases. The presence of H2/H2O in the low pO2 test gas alters the properties of thermally growing chromia scales.