Papers by Keyword: 3D Modeling

Abstract: Building Information Modeling (BIM) is revolutionizing the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industries worldwide by enhancing collaboration, efficiency, and safety. Despite its proven benefits, BIM adoption remains minimal in third-world countries like Pakistan, primarily due to infrastructure limitations, high implementation costs, and a lack of skilled professionals. This study focuses on leveraging BIM's potential in the local context through three dimensions: 3D modeling using Revit, 4D scheduling with Primavera, and 8D health and safety analysis in Quetta City. The study aligns with UN Sustainable Development Goals 9, 11, and 12, aiming to demonstrate BIM's utility in promoting sustainable construction practices, reducing costs, and improving project outcomes. By addressing barriers to BIM adoption, this research aspires to lay the foundation for a transition from traditional workflows to BIM-based methodologies, setting a precedent for enhanced infrastructure development in emerging economies.

Abstract: This study explores the required Level of Detail (LOD) in 3D urban models to elicit observation responses similar to those in real spaces. Through experiments involving 30 participants, both real-world and 3D-modeled streetscapes were evaluated using psychological surveys and webcam-based eye-tracking. Results showed that higher model precision generally produced responses closer to those from real environments. However, inconsistencies appeared at higher LODs, likely due to fatigue or equipment limitations. Open horizontal spaces attracted greater attention, suggesting the need for detailed modeling in such zones. While a clear threshold of sufficient detail was not found, the findings highlight the potential of 3D models as substitutes for field observation and the necessity for standardized LOD criteria in urban simulations.

Abstract: The article is aimed at the description of design, 3D modelling and simulation of technology for processing and fabrication of the formwork for complex concrete structures. The process of fabrication of complex-shaped elements from the special composite concrete mixture with application of several sophisticated software, technologies and industrial robot KUKA Agilus is also described in this work. The RHWC (Robotic Hot Wire Cutter) technology fully matches the prior aspects of the Industry 4.0 concept. The study consists of four parts. The first part simplified describes the mathematical apparatus of parametric modelling for complex concrete surfaces in Rhino 6.0 software. During the research two figures was precisely designed and modelled. The second part is aimed at the description of contemporary architectural trends in complex concrete structures manufacturing, modelling and analysis of ability to implement the complex-shaped surfaces with the RHWC technology. The third part describes the materials for technology. Expanded Polystyrene foam was chosen as the optimal material for the fabrication of formwork for complex-shaped concrete structures for its cost, weight and processability, as well as the special composite cement mixture which fully met all the requirements for its fluidity and smoothness. The fourth part is demonstration of the whole fabrication process, formwork treatment and concrete pour. This work also contains all necessary aspects for meeting the quality requirements on architectural concrete.

Abstract: Underground mining has caused drastic disturbances to regional ecosystems and soil nutrients. Understanding the 3D spatial distribution of soil organic matter in coal arable land is crucial for agricultural production and environmental management. However, little research has been done on the three-dimensional modeling of soil organic matter. In this study, 3D kriging interpolation method and 3D stochastic simulation method were used to develop the 3D model of soil organic matter , and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) and mean error (ME) were used as evaluation indexes to compare the simulation accuracy of the two methods. Results showed that the spatial distribution of soil organic matter obtained by using 3D kriging interpolation method is relatively smooth, which reduce the difference of spatial data; while the spatial distribution of soil organic matter obtained by using 3D stochastic simulation method is relatively discrete and highlights the volatility of spatial distribution of raw data, the RMSE obtained by 3D kriging interpolation method and 3D stochastic simulation method respectively is 2.7711 g/kg and 1.8369 g/kg. The prediction accuracy of organic matter interpolation obtained by 3D stochastic simulation method is higher than that by 3D kriging interpolation method; so the 3D stochastic simulation method can reflect the spatial distribution characteristics of soil organic matter more realistically, and more suitable for 3D modeling of soil organic matter. According to the 3D modeling of soil organic matter, the content of soil organic matter has obvious spatial difference in different soil depth（0-20 cm、20-40 cm、40-60 cm） and decreases with the increase of soil depth; The result also showed that the content of soil organic matter decreased rapidly from the upper slope to the middle slope, and gradually increased from the middle slope to the bottom, so the soil organic matter content was obviously lost in the middle slope. This result may provide useful data for land reclamation and ecological reconstruction in coal mining subsidence area.

Abstract: Additive manufacturing (AM) has been commonly used for the prototyping of three-dimensional (3D) models. The input model of the AM technology is a triangular model representing the surface shape of an object. The design features on a triangular model are generally not clear as the vertices are irregularly distributed. If design modification is necessary, it is difficult to segment and extract the meshes from the model. The objective of this study is to propose a method for extracting the design features on an object model by using the texture information. A 3D color model including a triangular model representing the object shape and a texture map describing the object texture is employed. The 3D model is generated by using a set of object images captured from different views surrounding the object. A texture mapping algorithm is then employed to generate the texture map corresponding to the 3D model. With both meshes and texture displayed in a texture mode, a region extraction technique is employed to extract the design features. All parts separated can then be fabricated with an AM machine, and assembled for checking the feasibility of design modification. Several products are employed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed technique.

Abstract: Many studies use an inclined ice plane to determine the effect of different materials and processing conditions on sliding over an ice surface. Experiments measure the sliding time at different stages on the track to determine the sliding speed and the coefficient-of-friction. Here, the sliding body vibrations and, the oscillations in axial directions are addressed. This paper analyzes the sample’s acceleration by attaching a portable High Sensitivity 1.25g USB Accelerometer and compares the data with 3D CAM modeling results to identify the causes for interrupted sliding.

Abstract: Published paper on modelling of propeller turbine blade and runner is not commonly found, especially those using Autodesk Inventor. One of them is titled CAD Modelling of Axial Turbine Blade using Autodesk Inventor. However, the road taken is quite complicated and should be repeated from the beginning whenever new geometrical characteristics of a new axial propeller turbine will be modelled. Currently, Autodesk Inventor has introduced the new tool that help sketching the spline lines either in 2D plane or 3D space simplifying the task of 3D modelling of propeller turbine blade, called Equation Curve. The Equation Curve tool requires the codes for creating the spline lines. To create the codes, two sources have been used: NACA report no. 460 and modelling methodology proposed by Milos in his paper. In NACA report no. 460, it is explained that NACA 4 Digit Series is created by combining mean line with the thickness variation curve of Gottingen 398 and Clark Y. This airfoil has 4 different lines with their own equation. The equations can be used for sketching in 2D plane. However, the solid model of the runner blade is formed from the airfoils in cylindrical surface. Then, as explained by Milos in his paper, the procedure is as follows: sketch the airfoil in 2D plane that is the tangent of cylindrical surface, move the airfoil to its center, rotate to its stagger angle, and project it to cylindrical surface. The result of this process will be the equations of lines in 3D space. Transform them to the Inventor codes. Input these codes to 3D Equation Curve tool to create the 4 lines for each cylindrical surface section of blade. Making the solid model of runner the following step is required: use loft command to create blade surfaces, use the stitch command to solidify, use the pattern command to create other blades, create hub, and lastly combine blades and hub. The solid model of the runner then is tested by simulating it using ANSYS Fluent. The hydraulic efficiency of the model is 85%.

Abstract: The paper deals with modeling of steady state and transient thermal processes in a small resistance electric furnace for melting and heat treatment of high quality glass products. The device is designed to obtain molten glass, which can meet the multiple requirements for handling glass and is used for producing of artistic glass sculptures. The temperature field distribution has been studied by 3D FEM modeling of heating and cooling processes under variable conditions specified, depending on the supply power, technological limitations and users’ requirements. Experimental studies have been also carried out in order to verify numerical modeling. The obtained results are reliable basis for optimal control, high efficiency and ensuring of required glass quality.

Abstract: This paper is aimed at developing the system assisting an orthotics specialist during correction process of orthoses structure. Orthotics is a specialty within medical field increasingly progressing in terms of variety of offered services, equipment and materials used. Further mentioned in this paper is the usage of optical scanning, depending on making series of photos in split second and then assembling then into 3D model, thus eliminating drawbacks of the classical methods based on the plaster cast preparation. The objective of such computer aided design is evaluation of the influence of prostheses shape modifications on their features.

Abstract: This paper presents the workflow to create a robotic humanoid hand simulation environment using two top software packages and also the implementation of an intelligent hybrid force - position control method using neural networks for force closing operation of a humanoid robotic hand modeled in the 3D virtual environment. The benefits that the 3D modeling provides are described and then the results of the proposed method are presented. This approach allows studying the motion of the robotic system under different circumstances without any greater costs.