Papers by Keyword: ABS

Abstract: This study was prepared on the bending and buckling analyses of the 2D honeycomb structure beam with a pocket section on it. In the study, two different materials,PLA and ABS, were selected to be examined for the beam. The aim of the study was to determine the buckling modes and critical buckling loads of lattice beams using numerical methods. Besides, bending analyses were conducted. As a result of bending analyses, the displacement (u_y), equivalent von Mises stress (σ_von), shear stress (τ_xy) and normal stress (σ_yy) behaviours for two different materials were obtained. It was determined that the ABS material deformed more than the PLA material beam. In this direction, important findings were obtained for understanding the bending and buckling behavior of lattice beams.

Abstract: Composite fibers are a significant aspect in changing the mechanical properties through the direction of the fiber. The proposed composite fiber organized by the direction of 90º-45º-90º, 45º-90º-45º, and 90º-90º-90º can add to the substitution of composite fiber that enhances stiffness and impact strength. Thus, the Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene ABS arrangement has a place with amorphous polymers that can expand the effect and increase the impact and the mechanical properties, for example, woven ramie utilizing different direction orientations. The outcomes show that the elasticity direction of 45º-90º-45º is 56wt%, 90º-45º-90º is 83wt%, and further increments while utilizing 90º-90º-90º is 94%. The analyses incorporate tensile tests to obtain tensile stress, tensile strain, and elastic modulus, which are performed on the ASTM D3039 utilizing the General Testing Machine Zwick Roell Z020. Findings demonstrated that specimens with various directions demonstrated mechanical characteristics that produce different mechanical properties through stress-strain analysis. The toughness of various directions can endure influence stacking without a fracture with 90º-45º-90º, and toughness for 45º-90º-45º and 90º-90º-90º show the stored energy without having permanent deformation ASTM D256 utilizing Zwick Roell Effect Analyzer HIT 2P. Furthermore, SEM images were also obtained to see the morphological changes on the composite polymer surface due to the tensile test. Overall, the utilization of the tensile test shows the maximum stress that the structure can maintain. Assuming fibers are oriented parallel to the main loading direction 0° and 90° will provide greater strength in that direction, while fibres diagonal 45º more absorb energy. By observing the SEM results, there is no reduction in strength and toughness through the 90º-45º-90º orientation of the layers using the hand laid-up technique.

Abstract: The economic and technical advantages of 3D printing make it a possible replacement for conventional production processes, especially for complex products and small batches. It is important to point out that technological parameters of 3D printing, such as layer thickness, print density, print speed, melting temperature, and table temperature, have a significant impact on the mechanical properties and productivity of parts obtained by 3D printing. Because of all the above, there is a great interest in research in this area. The paper presents the results of testing the tensile strength of the ABS polymer, in which two parameters were varied: the thickness of the print layer (0.39 mm) and the print density of 60–100% in steps of 10% each. The samples were obtained on a ZORTRAX M200+ 3D printer using fused filament deposition (FDM) technology. The selected thickness of the printing layer is relatively large, and with it, parts with lower accuracy and high surface roughness are obtained, although at the same time high productivity is achieved, which can satisfy some requirements. The obtained tensile strength values show that increasing the print density leads to an increase in its value, with a deviation in the sample with a print density of 100%, whereas the tensile strength values are comparable to the values obtained by other authors.

Abstract: Commercial and industrial use of 3D printing has swiftly taken off as a versatile and effective method of manufacturing on both a small and large scale. Despite being adaptable, the procedure currently works with a restricted number of materials, mostly thermoplastic polymers. 3D printing fused deposition modeling (FDM) provides opportunities to produce complex components relatively quickly in small batch with a high degree of flexibility for both manufacturer and researcher. Process parameters in FDM like infill pattern, infill density, printing speed, raster angle influences the mechanical properties of a printed parts. In this research study, a novel approach on the internal structure of 3D printed parts say combined infill pattern (Triangles & Octet) on a single part has been introduced and mechanical properties like tensile test, flexural strength, compression strength and hardness were measured. Specimens were printed in Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) as per ASTM standards by FDM technology with different infill densities of 60%, 80% and 100% by XY build orientation. SEM analysis was made to analyze the morphological and inter bonding of different infill patterns. The results show that mechanical performance was inflated by an increase in infill density.

Abstract: Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing is one of the most popular 3D printing technology today and its products is always interested to improving their mechanical properties by printed engineering parameters. In this study, the influences of infill density and printing pattern on mechanical properties of FDM 3D printing structure have been studied on some common printing materials including Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Polylactic Acid (PLA), carbon fibre reinforced PLA composites (PLA-CF). Each material is printed with different patterns such as hexagonal, square, triangular, zigzag structures at 15% infill. Particularly for the triangle printed structure of ABS, there are three infill densities at 15 %, 25 % and 40 %. The experimental process has evaluated the strength and deformation of the printing patterns. The results have shown that the influence of printing patterns on compressive strength are significant because of the relationship between printing patterns and sample weight. Besides, infill density also have a great influence on the compressive strength of 3D printed products.

Abstract: Pellet additive manufacturing (PAM) is in terms of printing process very similar to the widely used fused deposition modelling (FDM) systems. The main difference is the use of pellets instead of filament. In this study, a pellet, single screw extruder is developed. A screw design with variable pitch and depth is modelled analytically to predict the melting behavior of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) during steady state extrusion. The extruder screw was designed unconventionally short with a length of 85 mm and a diameter of 20 mm, giving an L:D ratio of 4.25:1. The model predicted the melting profile for ABS being extruder at 235°C at 10 RPM, the result of which was confirmed to a degree by experimentation. The extrusion rate of the screw extruder was measured at barrel temperatures of 225°C to 245°C with 5°C increments and at 5 RPM and 10 RPM. The extrusion was found to increase non-linearly with barrel temperature and screw speeds. The extruder printed adequately on an FDM style motion system with minor upgrades.

Abstract: Most farmers in Bataan, Philippines are using diesel pump system to irrigate their crops. In this system, water is pumped out continuously during cropping period and one may think that the water is being squandered because the diesel pump operates for about eight to ten hours a day. Furthermore, with the high price of Diesel nowadays, the irrigation system seems to be a burden to most crop farmers. The proponents thought of applying the pico-hydroelectric generation technology to add value to the system. Specifically in this study, the proponents aimed to develop a pico-hydroelectric generator with 3D-printed Pelton turbine to be installed in diesel pump irrigation system, and be able to harness the energy from the flowing water and convert it into useful electric energy which can be used for lighting and for charging electronic gadgets.

Abstract: Acrylonitrile Butane Styrene (ABS) is a type of polymer that can be metallized with metal through the electroless plating process so as to produce a strong and economical layer bond compared to metal. In this study, ABS plastic will be coated with nickel and the contact angle of ABS after the coating process will be examined. The first step is the etching process for 55 and 75 minutes using chromic acid to improve the adhesiveness and uniformity of the coating metal later. After the etching process is complete, then the surface roughness test is carried out using Mitutoyo SJ 201 Surface Roughness. Furthermore, the activation process with stannous chloride as a catalyst is carried out to accelerate the deposition of metal particles on the substrate surface so that during the electroless plating process the polymer turns into a conductor. Then the electroless plating process with time variations of 15, 25, 35, 45, 55 minutes using nickel sulfate, ammonium chloride, sodium hypophosphite, and sodium hydroxide to deposit nickel metal on the ABS surface. The results of the coating are then analyzed for surface topography using AFM and SEM, as well as investigating the contact angle of the droplets that are dropped on the coated ABS surface. It can be said that the etching variation of 55 minutes electroless nickel plating 75 minutes is the most hydrophobic because it has the largest contact angle and the smoothest surface topography compared to other variations.

Abstract: Viscous models such as Bird-Carreau, Cross, modified Cross, Carreau-Yasuda and Power are often used in commercial software. In order to get the most suitable model, a series of rheological tests were carried out in this study, and a model fitting method based on least square approach was proposed. Combined with the WLF equation related to temperature, these five viscous models were fitted by the fitting method proposed in this paper. The calculated results of the fitted models are compared with the experimental data. The results show that, of the investigated five models, the Carreau-Yasuda and Cross type models can better describe the rheological characteristics of ABS, the Bird-Carreau model is the second, and the Power model is the poorest one. The fitted models are in good agreement with that by Polymat. Some models such as Cross and Power models fitted by the proposed method are even better than that by Polymat.

Abstract: The article focused on the influence of part orientation on the surface roughness of cuboid parts during the process of fabricating by FDM technology. The components, in this case, is simple cuboid part with the dimensions 15 mm x 15mm x 30 mm. A geometrical model is defined that considers the shape of the material filaments after deposition, to define a theoretical roughness profile, for a certain print orientation angle. Five different print orientations in the X-axis of the cuboid part were set: 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°. According to previous research in the field of FDM technology by the author, the internal structure (infill) was set at the value of 70%. The method of 3D printing was the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and the material used in this research was thermoplastic ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene). For each setting, there were five specimens (twenty five prints in total). Prints were fabricated on a Zortrax M200 3D printer. After the 3D printing, the surface “A” was investigated by portable surface roughness tester Mitutoyo SJ-210. Surface roughness in the article is shown in the form of graphs (Fig.7). Results show increase in part roughness with increasing degree of part orientation. When the direction of applied layers on the measured surface was horizontal, significant improvement in surface roughness was observed. Findings in this paper can be taken into consideration when designing parts, as they can contribute in achieving lower surface roughness values.