Papers by Keyword: Acid Rain

Abstract: Fossil fuel usage for power generation has been associated to several harmful environmental impacts, such as the release of greenhouse gases and the production of acid rain. As a more sustainable option, utilizing renewable energy sources, such as hydro and wind power, has gained popularity in recent years. In 2020, approximately 4500 TWh and 1600 TWh of global electricity were generated from hydropower and wind power worldwide respectively. This proves, both wind and hydroelectric power have a great deal of potential for producing electricity sustainably. Moreover, using these renewable energies can significantly reduce acid rain. SO₂ (Sulphur Dioxide) and NO (Nitrogen oxide) emissions from burning fossil fuels combine with atmospheric water vapor generates H₂SO₄ (sulfuric acid) and HNO₃ (nitric acid), what causes acid rain. Acid rain can be reduced by using hydroelectric and wind energy instead of fossil fuels. This study points out the benefits of using hydro and wind power for eco-friendly electricity production and minimizing acid rain. A five-compartmental mathematical model included hydropower (H), wind power (W), fossil fuel (F), acid rain (A) and electricity (E) has been investigated here. The qualitative analysis of the model refers that, using hydro and wind power makes sustainable production of electricity easier and reduces acid rain.

Abstract: This work focuses on the issue of corrosion and durability of mortar mixtures in aggressive environment. The intention was to find out and compare the impact of replacements on the durability of cement mortar exposed to an aggressive environment by comparison of various substitutes for cement, which are currently not widely used for this purpose with the commonly used ones.

Abstract: Recently, many types of constructional steels have been often exposed to severely corrosive environments due to acid rain with increasing environmental contamination. To control corrosion problems, a painting protection method has been widely applied to numerous constructional steels on land as well as offshore. Therefore, development of anti-corrosive paint with good quality of corrosion resistance is very important from an economical perspective. In this study, four types of anti-corrosive paint were coated to test specimens, and then, were immersed in various salt solutions (0.1, 3 and 9% NaCl solution) for 11 days. Corrosion resistance of these samples by effect of osmotic pressure with various salt concentration was investigated with electrochemical methods such as measurement of corrosion potential, impedance and corrosion current density. Corrosion current density of these samples submerged in 0.1% NaCl solution exhibited highest value than those immersed in 3% and 9% NaCl solutions because water, dissolved oxygen and chloride ion etc. is easily to invade towards inner side of coating film due to increasing osmotic pressure compared to 3% and 9% NaCl solutions. However, corrosion current densities of all samples in the case of submerged in 9% NaCl solution exhibited higher values compared to 3% NaCl solution.Thus, a large amount of chloride ion dissolved in 9% NaCl solution plays a more critical role in corrosion behavior of coated steel rather than osmotic pressure. Consequently, the corrosion mechanism between coated steel and bare steel plates is different from each other because of presence of osmotic pressure between salt solution and coating film of coated steel plate. As a result, corrosion resistance of tcoated steel plate may be depend on the osmotic pressure as well as salt concentration

Abstract: This paper explores the effects of nanokaolinite clay (NKC) on the behavior of cement-based materials concrete. The resistance of NKC modified cement-based materials to freezing-thaw cycles and the corrosion processes of rebar embedded in the concrete were investigated. Ordinary Portland cement was partially substituted with NKC in ratios of 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% by weight. The Rapid Freeze-Thaw Cabinet was used to measure the resistance of ordinary Portland cement concrete and concrete with clay to deterioration caused by repeated cycles of freezing and thawing, compressive strength were measured at regular intervals. The corrosion conditions of the rebar embedded in the concrete were studied by an electrochemical accelerated penetration system, pullout tests were performed to assess the bond properties including bond-slip curve, ultimate bond strength between concrete and rebar before and after corrosion. It is revealed that the introduction of NKC improves the freeze-thaw resistivity values and bond behavior in the concrete specimens compared to the control concrete; the corrosion of the rebar embedded in the concrete is impeded efficiently.

Abstract: The performance of acid rain at Nanchang, China was studied in this paper. According to the monitoring data of rain from 2003 to 2012, the time characteristics and causes of the acid rain were analyzed, and the changing trends of the concentration in10 years were described by using Correlation analysis. The result shows that Nanchang air pollutants have the characteristics of obvious inter-annual variability, Rose and diurnal variation.

Abstract: Based on the meteorological observation data of 4 acid rain monitoring stations (Shaowu Station, Fuzhou Station, Yong’an Station and Xiamen Station) during 2007 to 2012 in Fujian Province, the characteristics of the acid rain were analyzed. The results showed that acid rain pollution was common in Fujian Province while showing a reducing trend overall. The time from 2007 to 2010 was acid rain pollution period of large precipitation acidity and high strong acid rain frequency. And the time from 2011 to 2012 was acid rain improving period with precipitation acidity weakening and strong acid rain frequency declining. It showed an obviously seasonal feature for acid rain. Acid rain pollution was relatively heavy in winter while light in summer in Fuzhou, Shaowu and Xiamen. But the seasonal distribution in Yong’an was just the opposite. There were large differences in the degree of acid rain pollution in different regions. The acid rain pollution in Shaowu was heaviest belonging to the strong acid rain area. And the second was Fuzhou belonging to the moderate acid rain area. Xiamen and Yong’an belonged to the light acid rain area with lighter pollution. The acid rain pollution showed various degrees of improvements in Shaowu, Fuzhou and Xiamen. Especially in Fuzhou the improvement was particularly evident as the best condition in recent years. While in Yong’an the acid rain pollution had aggravated somewhat in recent years with the acid rain frequency increasing and the precipitation acidity enhancing.

Abstract: With the rapid development of process of industrialization in Inner Mongolia, the environmental pollution, such as phenomenon of regional acid rain is gradually increasing. The Quaternary loess spread widely in Inner Mongolia. The ecological environment must be affected the intrusion acid rain. Meanwhile the physical-mechanical properties of original loess also are significantly influenced by the acid rain. To investigate the influence of acid rain on the physical-mechanical properties of loess, a series of triaxial tests in laboratory are carried out. The results showed that changes of PH value has significant effect on the specific gravity of soil grain, the limit moisture content , maximum dry density, and strength characteristics of loess.

Abstract: Cement production, which results in higher CO₂ levels, has a negative impact on environment. This phenomenon has caused the emergence of a new type of environmentally friendly cement, such as Portland Composite Cement (PCC). On the other hand, rainfall becomes high acidity level. This will be an issue in the construction of concrete, which causes concrete deterioration if value of pH is below 6. The purpose of this study is to investigate corrosion caused by acid rainfall when used PCC cement mixed with RHA. RHA replacement level of 5%, by weight of cement was used in this study. The compressive strength design was 30 MPa. The simulated acid rain solution was prepared by mixing solution of H₂SO₄ and HNO₃ to reach value pH of 4. The deterioration was measured by the number of corrosion product using SEM test. The results indicate a decrease in the number of component corrosion that occurs by using ASP.

Abstract: This paper not only makes a detailed introduction about the research of acid rain including the mechanism of formation, the factor of formation, the harm of acid rain and the analysis, detection and forecast of acid rain, but also points out the problem in the research and the control measure of acid rain.

Abstract: Through a large number of laboratory tests, authors study corrosion effect of acid rain on the technical properties of mineral aggregate, such as apparent relative density, bulk relative density, crushing value and Los Angeles abrasion value. According to the tests results, the degree of acid corrosion of mineral aggregates constantly increases with the decreasing of the PH value and the increase of dry-wet cycle number. The acid corrosion resistance ability of mineral aggregates is the best for the granite, medium for basalt and the worst for limestone.