Papers by Keyword: Anionic Surfactants

Abstract: The corrosion inhibition effect of some anionic surfactants (Diisononyl phthalate (A), N-oleyl-1, 3-propane –diamine (B), and Sodium lauryl sulphate (C)) on the corrosion of carbon steel in 1M hydrochloric acid solution were studied by chemical method (weight loss) and electrochemical methods (potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). From the results, it was clear that these surfactants are good inhibitors for corrosion of carbon steel in 1M HCl solution. Their inhibition depends mainly on their concentrations and temperature of solution. Polarization data revealed that these surfactants act as mixed type inhibitors. The surfactants adsorptions were found to follow Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm. The thermodynamic parameters of activation and adsorption were calculated and discussed. Adsorption of used surfactants led to a reduction in the double layer capacitance (C_dl) and an increase in the charge transfer resistance (R_ct). All measurements used confirmed the adsorption of the surfactants used on carbon steel surface. Confirmation of these various independent techniques proved validity of the obtained data.

Abstract: The course of the degradation of pollutants in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD), soluble COD (SCOD), phenols, and anionic surfactants was examined both aerobically and anaerobically in sewer-like conditions. The rates of COD and SCOD degradation under aerobic condition were 0.051 and 0.052 mg/L/h, respectively. COD concentration remained unchanged during anaerobic process. However, SCOD was observed to increase with a production rate of 0.010 mg/L/h. The concentration of phenols was observed to decrease at a rate of 0.0211/h remained constant during the anaerobic process. The same profile was observed in the concentration of anionic surfactants, wherein the rate of degradation was 0.0454/h aerobically, and the concentration profile remained constant.

Abstract: Nanosized TiO₂-SiO₂ particles were prepared by controlled hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) in microemulsions stabilized by anionic surfactants. Anionic surfactants ammonium carboxylate perfluoropolyether (PFPE-NH4) and sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) were used for formation of stabilized microemulsions in the W/C and W/O systems, respectively. The physical properties of the prepared particles have been investigated by TG-DTA, FT-IR, XRD and HRTEM. It is shown that the XRD pattern of the TiO₂-SiO₂ particles dried at 105 °C without calcination indicates amorphous. The particles calcined at 500 °C were identified as nanocrystalline anatase regardless of TTIP/TEOS molar ratio. The crystallite size of prepared particles decreased with increasing the silica content. From FT-IR analysis, the band for Ti-O-Si vibration was observed. The micrographs of HRTEM shown that the TiO₂-SiO₂ nanoparticles have a spherical morphology with a narrow size distribution and then the lattice fringe was 3.5 Å, which corresponds to the lattice spacing of (101) plane in the anatase phase.

Abstract: In present time, recycled paper from xerographic and laser-printed wastepaper plays an important role as alternatives to paper from virgin pulp because of there good pulp quality and high amount of wastepaper each year. This type of paper is classified as Mixed Office Wastepaper (MOW). The xerographic and laser-printed inks are usually called “toner” that mainly consists of styrene-acrylate copolymer. This work investigated paper recycling by washing deinking processes. Experimental parameters were pulp consistencies, amounts and types of surfactant. The resultant pulp of 1.5%consistency and 0.9 wt% of nonionic surfactant, Triton X-100, is the optimum washing deinking process. The resultant pulps have optical and physical properties closed to non-printed paper. Surfactant concentrations were kept below CMC to provide low ink specks, high brigthness and strength on handsheets. The recycled pulp will be use as a raw material for electrical purpose paper.

Abstract: Although widely applied in many industries, anionic surfactants (AS) have been shown to contaminate the natural environment. Therefore, the detection of trace amounts of AS in environmental samples is of great interest. Here, we report a novel fluorescence quenching method for the determination of trace AS, specifically, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), using 1-(5-naphthol-7-sulfonic acid) -3-(4-pheny-lazophenyl)-triazene (NASAPAPT). Under optimum conditions, the degree of fluorescence quenching is linearly proportional to the concentration of SDS from 2.08×10^-8 to 8.67×10^-7mol L^-1 with a detection limit of 8.35×10^-9mol L^-1. The proposed method exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity, yet it avoids the use of toxic organic solvents and tedious solvent extraction procedures. It has been applied to the determination of trace SDS in both natural water and industrial samples with recoveries between 99.04 and 103.58%. Results indicated that the hydrogen bonds formed between NASAPAPT and SDS played an important role in the detection process and that the π→π^* transition was crucial for fluorescence of the NASAPAPT complex.

Abstract: Glycolic acid ethoxylate 4-tert-butylphenyl ether was used as investigated anionic surfactants in this experimental work. A built up rig with ratio of pipe length to diameter (L/D) is equal to 59 was used to achieve the purpose of this work which is to investigate the drag reduction in turbulent flow with different flow rates and concentration of additive. In the present study, the concentrations (ppm) of additive were analyzed starting from 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600, respectively. The flow rates (Re) of the solution were from 11235, 22470, 33705, 44940, 56175, 67410 and 78645, respectively. It was found that glycolic acid ethoxylate 4-tert-butylphenyl ether is capable to reduce the drag less than 10 %. The highest drag reduction is 8 % was achieved in 600 ppm of solution for turbulent flow with Re within the range 44940 to 56175. The results of experimental work shows that this anionic surfactant perform as a poor drag reducing agent due to its drag reduction values increases only 1 to 3 % even though the concentration of solution was added about 100 ppm. This occurred probably because of the formation of micelle in the solution which is not in a fully threadlike forms and the micelle networks are not fully established in solution to surpassed the degree of turbulent flow.