Papers by Keyword: Antifungal

Abstract: Black limestones were used as structural and ornamental stones in the facades of the four madrasas at Sultan Hasan mosque. Regrettably, the studied black limestone blocks have significantly suffered from deterioration mechanisms, causing severe damage forms such as discolouration, salt crystallization, cracking, fissuring, flaking, granular disintegration, and microbial growth. Examination and analysis of the studied black limestone were performed using polarizing light microscope, scanning electron microscope equipped with EDS, X-ray diffraction, and fungal investigation. The current research mainly presents an experimental study to evaluate the efficiency of nanocomposites prepared from SRC-220 (fluorinated polyurethane) and TiO₂ NPs in the treatment of the studied black limestone. The prepared TiO₂ nanocomposites were used for the treatment of experimental black limestone samples. The effect of TiO₂ nanoparticle concentration on the properties of the fabricated nanocomposites was comparatively tested. Experimental study was implemented using transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, static water contact angle, colourimetric investigation, abrasion resistance, self-cleaning activity, and fungistatic efficiency. The results proved that the addition of TiO₂ nanoparticles into SRC-220 pure polymer produced multifunctional nanocomposites characterized by high transparency, good consolidation effect, superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning, and antifugal efficiency. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the concentration of TiO₂ nanoparticles significantly affects the obtained properties of the prepared nanocomposites.

Abstract: Candidiasis is an infection caused by the fungus C. albicans. Ferrofluid Zn_0.2Fe_2.8O₄/Ag is the best candidate to overcome the problem of infection caused by this fungus. In addition to the safe ingredients used, its ability to create ROS and maintain stability has the potential to be an excellent antifungal agent. The purpose of this study was to create a new ferrofluid with double surfactants for the antifungal C. albicans. Zn_0.2Fe_2.8O₄/Ag ferrofluids were synthesized using a bottom-up method, starting from the synthesis of Zn_0.2Fe_2.8O₄ nanoparticles, Zn_0.2Fe_2.8O₄/Ag nanocomposites, to the synthesis of Zn_0.2Fe_2.8O₄/Ag ferrofluids. Zn_0.2Fe_2.8O₄/Ag powder was characterized using XRD and SEM to determine the particle structure and morphology. Meanwhile, Zn_0.2Fe_2.8O₄/Ag ferrofluids were characterized using FTIR and antifungal activity tests to determine the functional group and zone of inhibition against the growth of the fungus C. albicans. The results of the characterization analysis showed that Zn_0.2Fe_2.8O₄/Ag nanoparticles had good crystallinity, with a crystallite size of Zn_0.2Fe_2.8O₄/Ag of 11.32 nm and an Ag crystallite size of 7.00 nm. SEM characterization showed that Zn_0.2Fe_2.8O₄/Ag nanoparticles had agglomeration with the average particle size distribution of 443 nm. The functional groups detected by FTIR confirmed the success of the ferrofluid synthesis Zn_0.2Fe_2.8O₄/Ag where spinel functional groups, olefin groups, and functional groups S=O were formed. The results of the antifungal activity test showed that Zn_0.2Fe_2.8O₄/Ag ferrofluids were relatively active as an antifungal agent, with a diameter of the C. albicans growth inhibition zone of 9.63 mm.

Abstract: In this study, quarternary ammonium salts based on triethylammonium and benzyltriethylammonium cations with the anion of chloride are successfully used for giant bamboo (Dendrocalamus Asper) preservation. These salts are new biocides as well as new salts which penetrate bamboo well. The prepared salts with hydrogen and benzyl substituent at the cation and consisted of chloride anion, exhibited fungicidal activity against Aspergillus Flavus. The effective and lethal doses were measured by the agar-plate method. In their activity against bamboo degrading fungi, salt of benzyl-triethyl-ammonium chloride was comparable with commercially available benzalkonium chloride and didecyldimethylammonium. Keywords: Triethylammonium, Benzyltriethylammonium, chloride, antifungal, and giant bamboo (Dendrocalamus Asper) and Aspergillus Flavus

Abstract: Modified coconut oil (MCO) has been reported as a promising material for eradication of various fungi which are the primary causes of tinea capitis. The antifungal shampoo is reported as an effective adjuvant therapy for fungi infection. In order to develop MCO as an active ingredient in antifungal shampoo, formulation factors affecting the physical and antifungal properties of shampoo including type and amount of surfactants were investigated. The results indicated that formula containing triethanolamine lauryl sulfate (TLE), ranging from 40-70% w/w, showed the most transparency and stable among the primary surfactants used, suggesting the good compatibility with MCO. An addition of polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monolaurate (PSL), an auxiliary surfactant, in the range from 5-40%w/w could enhance the clearness of shampoo while the suitable amount of PSL is also depended on TLE concentration. Various surfactant mixtures of TLE ranging from 40-60%w/w and 20-40% w/w of PSL were selected to formulate MCO shampoo. All formulations of shampoo showed high transparency, effective cleaning action, good stability and Newtonian flow behavior. Moreover, all formulations could inhibit T. rubrum and M. canis both before and after temperature cycling test. Therefore, this study revealed good feasibility of MCO shampoos for tinea capitis treatment.

Abstract: Synthesis of glucose laurate (GLC12), fructose laurate (FRU12), and galactose laurate (GAL12) as antibacterial and antifungal agents has been carried out. The synthesis of GLC12, FRU12, and GAL12was conducted by reacting lauroyl chloride with glucose, fructose, and galactose in the presence of pyridine in 36.1; 77.8; and 72,2% yields respectively for GLC12, FRU12 and GAL12.Antibacterial and antifungal activity test was done using well diffusion method towards Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella thypimurium and Escherechia coli), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillussubtilis), Candida albicans fungus, DMSO as a negative control, and 4-isopropyl-3-methylphenol 1% as a positive control. The best antibacterial activity was shown by FRU12at 12.5% of concentration against S.aureusand B.subtilis bacteria.

Abstract: Schiff base ligands, having nitrogen and oxygen donor sites and their zinc (II) complexes have been prepared by using methanol as a solvent. Purity of the compounds has been tested by TLC and are characterized by FT-IR, multinuclear NMR (¹H and ¹³C). FT-IR spectra suggested the binding of precursors and their chelation with zinc (II) moieties by showing characteristics peaks in particular regions. ¹H-NMR also approves the synthesis of compounds by showing characteristics peaks of azomethine proton (HC=N) and phenolic proton (-OH). On complexation phenolic proton was disappeared while a down field shift was observed in azomethine proton.¹³C-NMR data further supports the formation of compounds by the displaying and shifting of characteristic peaks of azomethine carbon (HC=N).The DNA binding ability of all the synthesized ligands was studied by UV-Visible spectroscopy. A hypochromic affect was observed showing that ligands interacted with DNA by intercalation. The results implied that these synthesized compounds can be employed for the formulation of Anticancer and Antitumor drugs in future with less toxic side effects to normal cells (unlike toxic drugs presently used) .Moreover they were found to have antifungal and antibacterial activity by Disc Diffusion method. Zinc containing complexes have been investigated a lot recently for the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Thus, these synthesized compounds are potential drug candidates for research if explored .

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the antifungal, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of Zingiber cassumunar gel. The gel was prepared from essential oil of Zingiber cassumunar rhizome by the Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research. Antifungal activity of the gel was firstly determined by the well diffusion method against Candida albicans ATCC 10238 and candida strain isolated from the patient’s lesion. Then, the Agar overlay technique was used to test the cytotoxicity of Z. cassumunar gel on mouse fibroblasts (ATCC clone 929) according to ISO 7405. For anti-inflammatory effect of the gel, TPA (carrageenan lambda type IV, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13- acetate)-induced mouse ear edema method was used. The results of well diffusion showed that Z. cassumunar gel was quite a potent antifungal agent against both strains of tested C. albicans with inhibition zones of 12-13 mm. In the cytotoxicity test, the gel exhibited no toxicity to cell culture. In addition, topical administration of Z. cassumunar gel could decrease mouse ear edema induced by TPA. At 30 and 60 min-time points, Z. cassumunar gel showed higher anti-inflammatory activity than triamcinolone which was used as reference anti-inflammatory drug. In conclusion, gel prepared from Z. cassumunar oil showed antifungal activity against both strains of C. albicans. In addition, its anti-inflammatory effect was demonstrated within 30 min by the TPA-induced mouse ear edema model. The gel was non-toxic to cell culture after 24-h incubation. Further studies are needed to clarify the safety and benefit of this gel for clinical use in the treatment of candidal infection and inflammation.

Abstract: This study aimed for the synthesis of 4-Aryl-2-amino-6-(4-hydroxy coumarin-3-yl) pyridine-3-carbonitriles derivatives 4, suitable for use as antibacterial, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities via a versatile, readily accessible 3-((2E)-3(aryl)prop-2-enoyl)-2H-chromen-2-one, 3, which was prepared by refluxing 3-acetyl-4-hydroxycoumarin with aromatic aldehydes in chloroform in the presence of a catalytic amount of piperidine. Then the direct reaction of the obtained chalcones 3 with malonitrile in the presence of ammonium acetate in one step gave products 4. Most of the new compound 4 exhibit moderate antibacterial activity against Gram Negative bacterial strains (E. coli, K. pneumonia, S. typhi and S. flexneri). In addition, the compounds 4 were investigated for anti-oxidant activities by super oxide radical, DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays, where most of the compounds displayed significant antioxidant activities. Furthermore, these 4-Aryl-2-amino-6-(4-hydroxy coumarin-3-yl) pyridine-3-carbonitriles 4 were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity by indirect haemolytic and lipoxygenase inhibition assays where compounds revealed good activity. The preparation of novel metal-free phthalocyanines and metallophthalocyanine complexes 11 and 12 (MPcs, M = Co, Zn, Cu and Mn), with four peripheral 6-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin and 6-hydroxycoumarin substituents, were also prepared by cyclotetramerization of compounds 7 and 10 with the corresponding metal salts (Zn(OAc)₂.2H₂O, Co(OAc)₂.4H₂O, CuCl, Mn(OAc)₂.4H₂O) as a template for macrocycle formation in 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethanol.The electronic spectra of these compounds exhibit a band of coumarin identity together with characteristic bands of the phthalocyanine core. The new compounds were screened for antibacterial activity. Most of them are active against E. coli and S. aureus. In addition, some novel 3-acetylcoumarin derivatives 17 were prepared in good yields. Their in vitro antioxidant activities were assayed by the quantitative 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity method. In this way, novel coumarin phtalonitriles derivatives 42-44 were synthesized.The synthesis of these coumarin phtalonitriles was resulting from a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction between 4-nitrophtalonitrile and coumarins derivatives. The complexing properties of the coumarin derivatives toward alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, some transition metals and some heavy metal cations have been investigated in acetonitrile by means of UV spectrophotometry absorption and conductivity methods. Thus, the stoichiometry of the complexes formed and their stability constants were determined. We report also in this book chapter a sequence of two ruthenium-catalyzed transformations, namely olefin cross metathesis with allylic chloride followed by elimination, which gives a straightforward access to terminal 1,3-dienes from natural products. The structures of all the new obtained compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis, IR, and multinuclear/multidimensional NMR spectroscopy (¹H, ¹³C-NMR, NOESY, HMBC) which allowed assignment of the complete network of proton and carbon atoms).

Abstract: This in this paper, we report the synthesis of Mg doped ZnO nanocubes on the glass substrate by using solution-evaporation method at low temperature for the first time. Samples are characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The samples have a pure phase and no characteristic peaks are observed for the other impurities, such as Mg and MgO. It was observed that the length and width of the ZnO nanocubes are about 100nm and morphology of the samples is cube-shape. A blue-shift is observed in the band-edge with introduction of Mg into zinc oxide structure. The anti-fungal results indicate that ZnO nanocubes arrays exhibit stable properties after two months and play an important role in growth inhibitory of Candida albicans.

Abstract: A brief review on the antimicrobial application of Ag nanoparticles (AgNP) is presented. Ag in nanoform is considered less toxic than Ag⁺ ions and hence, a considerable amount of research has been carried out on the antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities of Ag nanoparticles. Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) stabilized AgNPs provide overwhelming evidence on their potency against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia etc. A recent study using biostabilized AgNPs have shown their efficacies against a vast range of bacteria. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs has also resulted in the development of wound dressings and medical devices. Some results on the antifungal activities exhibited by them are also highlighted.