Papers by Keyword: Asphalt Mixture

Abstract: Pavement failure occurs mostly due to poor selection of aggregate, which is highly dependent on aggregate petrography. The limited number of studies has been carried out in the past to relate the minerology of aggregate with the asphalt mix performance. This research aims to link the minerology of aggregate to the rutting of the asphalt pavement. In this study three different quarries of aggregates were collected for study i.e., Pathargarh, Surajgali and Murunj, Pakistan. Physical and mechanical properties of selected aggregate were determined before preparing the mix design. Aggregate properties were well within the limit specified by National Highway Authority (NHA). Then performance tests i.e., Hamburg wheel tracker test were performed on the asphalt mix to determine the rutting. The results showed that Pathargarh and Surajgali aggregate contains 96 and 95 percent carbonate making it basic. In contrast 84 percent quartz were found in Murunj aggregate. Rutting value of Pathargarh is better followed by Surajgali i.e., 3.43 mm and then Murunj 8.63mm. This study concludes that carbonate aggregate has rough texture making it better adhesion with bitumen, while quartz has poor adhesion with bitumen due to its smooth texture making it more susceptible to rutting.

Abstract: Nowadays’ sustainability-driven systems require a product to be environmentally beneficial as well as cost-effective whilst maintaining its great performance. In these circumstances, the pavement industry has emphasized its concern over waste production, reduced materials costs and conserving resources. Henhce, the seeking for new engineering solutions to move toward more sustainable, eco-friendly, and economically beneficial management. In this context, the use of RA (Reclaimed Asphalt) in the new asphalt mixtures has generated well-defined environmental benefits especially in terms of the reduction in raw-material consumption and possibility to upcycle the waste derived from existing old pavements. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the addition of selected rejuvenators which help to restore some of the properties of aged bituminous binder in RA, crumb rubber and plastic (LDPE) waste on the performance of asphalt mixture designed with elevated RA content (50 %). Mechanical performance was evaluated by means of laboratory investigations for typical characteristics dedicated to durability, stiffness and cracking potential. The results showed that a proper dosage of a suitable type of rejuvenation agent as well as the crumb rubber and plastic waste can enhance the overall durability of the elevated RA content asphalt mixtures.

Abstract: Currently, road pavement construction in Indonesia utilized standard materials derived from natural materials such as coarse and fine aggregate. The used of these materials, especially sand used as fine aggregate, will interfere with environmental sustainability, in addition in several locations in Indonesia, these materials were very difficult to obtain or the quality was not in accordanced with the National Indonesian Standard (Bina Marga requirements). In several locations in Indonesia, such as in Timika (Papua) there was material that has the size of sand, included waste from PT Freeport as a waste material from the gold and copper ore mining processed. This material was known as tailings. Currently, tailings waste has reached 223,100 tons per day. This condition was certainly very disturbed to the environment due to the large deposits and so far it has not been optimally utilized for road pavement construction. By conducted an assessment of the properties of this material, both the tailings themselves and the asphalt mixture that has used tailings as its constituent material that functions as a road pavement layer, will provide answers to the benefits of tailings in road pavement construction. The results showed that the asphalt mixture using tailings waste can be used as asphalt mixture material in the LPPA mix type. The used of tailings as one of the asphalt mixture materials can also supported the acceleration of sustainable development carried out by Indonesia to support global actions carried out based on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to be achieved in 2030.

Abstract: The number of transport or vehicles on the road is increasing, which cause the road pavement or asphalt surface exposed to greater loading. Problems such as permanent deformation, cracking, fatigue, and skidding happened because of this repeated loading. There are many studies have been done to determine the suitable waste materials that can be used in order to improve resistance to rutting and fatigue cracking due to filler hardening and improve adhesion of filler to aggregate. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of CBA on engineering properties of asphalt mixture. The different percentages of CBA (0%, 2%, 4% and 6%) were added to the asphalt mixture. The 60/70 penetration grade asphalt was used. The performance of the samples was evaluated through Marshall Stability, indirect tensile strength, resilient modulus, dynamic creep and image analysis. From the result obtained, there are significant effect comes from the addition of CBA. The result show that the addition of CBA in range of 2 to 4% produces the best outcomes for the density, stability, stiffness and flow while 6% for indirect tensile strength, dynamic creep and resilient modulus. Thus, it can conclude that the existence of CBA can enhance the performance of asphalt mix.

Abstract: One of the most common asphalt concrete pavement distresses is low temperature cracking, also known as thermal cracking. Characterizations of low temperature cracking and formulation for pavement design have taken a lot of effort. Asphalt binder has viscoelastic behaviour, so asphalt mixture behaviour changes as the temperature changes. At high and low temperatures, the asphalt binder shows viscoelastic plastic behaviour and elastic behaviour. Low temperature cracks that grow day by day due to the movement of vehicles are the most significant pavement cracks caused by cold climates. It needs early and premature repairs to build and expand low temperature cracks. The aim of this research is to perform Low Temperature Cracking analysis of asphalt materials (laboratory and analytical assessment), in light of the latest update of binder cracking temperature. The role of basic material properties in low-temperature cracking was studied in this work. As a result, statistical analysis in the cohesive failure condition revealed that the asphalt mixture aggregate's free energy was ineffective in this cohesion failure. Fly ash had been used in the other type of asphalt mixture. It was proven that the addition of fly ash as an additive can improves the low temperature resistance of the asphalt mix. The binder with 60/70 penetration grade was used. The different amount of fly ash (0%, 1%, 3% and 5%) was added to the asphalt mixture. Marshall Stability and flow, resilient modulus and dynamic creep were carried out to investigate the mechanisms of cracking at low temperature. From the results obtained, there are significant effect comes from the addition of the fly ash. The result show that the addition of 5% fly ash produce the best outcomes for the density, stability, stiffness, resilient modulus and dynamic creep. Thus, it can conclude that the existence of fly ash in the mixture is able to enhance the mechanical performance of the AC14 dense-graded asphalt.

Abstract: Cracking is a typical problem that deteriorates the strength and longevity of a pavement structure. Waste plastic in pavement construction is cost-effective and environmentally friendly. The use of waste plastic has been growing in recent years. Adding waste plastics to the asphalt mixture would improve its physical and mechanical characteristics. As a result, it is a sustainable and long-term solution that helps to reduce plastic waste and preserve the environment. This research aims to develop the image analysis and assess the characteristic of modifying bitumen with different percentages of plastic wastes (0%, 4%, 6%, and 8%). Using blending processes, modified bitumen was prepared. The binder used in this study is penetration grade PEN 60/70. Marshall Test, Indirect Tensile Strength, Resilient Modulus and Dynamic Creep Modulus test were carried out to determine the optimum percentage of waste plastic in asphalt mixture. The modified binders can be used in high-performance asphalt mixtures, as well as to use a well-developed image analysis technique using ImageJ software to characterize asphalt pavement surfaces. The result shows that the modified asphalt mixture is more efficient than the conventional asphalt mixture. Addition of the waste plastic proved sufficient to increase the performance of the asphalt pavement as modified asphalt mixture performance is more stable than conventional mixture.

Abstract: Pavement failures such as fatigue, rutting, cracking, bleeding, and stripping are typical pavement deterioration. Researchers have been experimenting with pavement modification to overcome these problems. This study determines the optimum binder content (OBC) for modifying an asphalt mixture with a partial replacement of coarse aggregate (5mm-14mm sieve size) with palm kernel shell (PKS). A 60/70 penetration grade bitumen was mixed with 10, 20 and 30% PKS at selected aggregate gradation following the Public Work Department of Malaysia (JKR/SPJ/2008-S4) specification. The preparation of 60 samples of unmodified and modified asphalt mixture employed the Marshall Method compacted with 75 blows. The OBC was determined based on five volumetric properties of asphalt mixture namely stability, flow, bulk density, void filled with asphalt, and void in total mix. The OBC and volumetric properties of the modified PKS asphalt mixture samples were compared with unmodified asphalt mixture samples in accordance to the specification. Results showed that the OBC sample with 30% aggregate replacement produced the highest OBC value of 5.53% relative to the control sample with 5.40% OBC. The trend for OBC with PKS replacement begins with 10% PKS with 5.30% OBC, 20% PKS with 5.32% OBC and 30% PKS. All volumetric properties of the PKS samples are within the specification limit. Thus, PKS has a promising potential as a coarse aggregate replacement in asphalt mixture.

Abstract: Formic acid intercalated Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (Mg-Al Fo-LDH) was prepared by calcination reduction intercalation assembly technology. The structure of the deicing additive was characterized by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The freezing point of aqueous solution with different quality of deicing additive and the surface freezing point and adhesion of asphalt mixture were tested. The results show that formic acid ion has been intercalated into the interlayer of Mg-Al layered double hydroxide by FTIR and XRD patterns. The freezing point of 5wt% Mg-Al Fo-LDH aqueous solution reaches -9.32 °C, while the surface freezing point of the asphalt mixture mixed with 5wt% Mg-Al Fo-LDH is -6.5°C. At -8 °C, the adhesion force of the surface ice layer is 78.4N, and after the asphalt mixture is soaked in water, the surface freezing point and adhesion force of the ice layer do not change.

Abstract: The Simple Performance Test (SPT) can be used to characterize the strength and load resistance of asphalt mixtures. The objectives of this study are to determine the effect of temperature on the phase angle and dynamic complex modulus of the asphalt mixtures tested at 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, 45°C and 50°C at 25Hz, 20Hz, 10Hz, 5Hz, 1Hz and 0.5Hz frequencies. The asphalt mixtures of NMAS 12.5mm are prepared using asphalt binder PEN 80/100 and PEN 60/70. The asphalt mixtures are designed using the Superpave system and compacted using the Superpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC). The dynamic modulus test results showed that at a higher temperature, the stiffness of the asphalt mixtures is affected. The dynamic modulus of the mixtures is highest at 30°C and gradually decrease at 35°C, 40°C, 45°C and 50°C respectively. The dynamic modulus values for asphalt mixtures with bitumen grade PEN 60/70 are also higher compared to the asphalt mixtures with bitumen grade PEN 80/100. Results also showed that the low phase angle values indicate low viscosity of the asphalt binder due to increase in temperature. The present study is meaningful in understanding the asphalt mixture behaviour at different temperature and loading frequencies.

Abstract: Materials play a fundamental role in any branch of civil engineering. From ancient times to the present day, society has required enormous amounts of construction materials, which implies an excessive exploitation of materials that come directly from nature. This paper explains the main differences, similarities, benefits and characteristics of the 2 designs of asphalt mixtures by means Marshall methodology. The first design is for control mixture, which was elaborated with a conventional asphalt AC-20 and 100% of natural aggregate (NA). The second design is for asphalt mixture with 30% of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and 70% of NA. Finally, it was determined that both designs have similar characteristics, which indicates that the use of 30% RCA in asphalt mixtures is adequate. In addition, it represents economic and environmental savings.