Papers by Keyword: Basalt Fiber (BF)

Abstract: Polymer Matrix Composites (PMC) are often used in lightweight applications due to their excellent mechanical properties combined with a low density. The manufacturing technologies are fully developed and raw materials are cheap. The limiting factor of these reinforced polymers is the maximum service temperature. Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC) are suitable for service temperatures up to 1500 °C and more. These composites are composed of ceramic matrices combined with ceramic fibers based on alumina or silicon carbide. This class of composites is handicapped by the high cost of processing and raw materials and therefore only attractive for applications in astronautics and military aviation. Composite materials, bridging the gap between PMC and CMC, are manufactured by the use of polysiloxanes, carbon-and basalt fibers. Such competitive free formable Hybrid-composites are capable for service temperatures up to 800 °C in oxidative atmosphere. In order to make the material attractive also for series applications, manufacturing technologies like filament wet winding, Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM) or pressing techniques are employed. Beside the improved thermal resistivity in comparison to reinforced polymers and light metals, a major benefit of SiOC composites is investigated in the field of friction materials. The excellent properties in wear resistance and an adjustable coefficient of friction make it an interesting alternative for CFC and CMC.

Abstract: One of the most important characteristics that historical masonry should have is that of a monolithic behavior. Without these basic feature, no structural analysis could be considered reliable. If this characteristic is absent, strengthening bearing masonry giving it a transversal monolithic behavior is one of the first retrofitting actions to do so as to improve its seismic performance. Hence come out the idea to develop a new consolidation technique specially formulated for historical masonry. Stitching masonry through continuous flexible elements is an innovative technique, able to connect the several masonry components and to attribute to it a monolithic behavior according to the principles that govern the intervention on existing buildings: minimal intervention, compatibility, reversibility, respect of authenticity, matter conservation, control of the visual impact and possibility of recognizing the intervention. Basalt fibers ropes of 4 mm of nominal diameter (declared by manufacturer), have been used in this experimental program as continuous flexible element. The technique has been already tested and proved to be effective for improving the behavior against “in-plane” actions. Good results has been obtained also excluding synthetic adhesives (resins), with an enhancement about reversibility. In this paper, the results of an experimental campaign aimed to evaluate the technique effectiveness against “out-of-plane” loads are presented. Reinforced and unreinforced brick masonry specimens have been tested simulating vertical bending mechanism activation to evaluate the stitches contribute.

Abstract: Fiber reinforced composites designed for better thermal resistance, which can be used in constructions with a higher fire hazard, are studied. The matrix of studied composite is based on aluminous cement, because of its proved higher thermal resistance than ordinary Portland cement. Basalt sand is used as alternative aggregate replacing silica sand, and basalt fibers are employed for an improvement of mechanical performance. The presented analysis of basic physical properties, mechanical, hygric and thermal properties shows that basalt is an appropriate material for cement based composites for high temperature applications.

Abstract: The main aim of this contribution lies in the description of mechanical properties fiber cement composites after exposure to high temperatures. Destructive and non-destructive methods were used to investigate the influence of heat loading. The effect of refractory binder compared to common Portland cement binder was observed. Widespread non-destructive testing method can describe the changes of mechanical properties due to influence of external load e.g. high temperature at the level of 1000 °C. The tensile strength and compressive strength were investigated on specimens 40 x 40 x 160 mm. Before these destructive tests dynamic modulus of elasticity and tentative compressive strength were provided.

Abstract: The aim of the work was to investigate the wear properties of basalt short fiber reinforced aluminum Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) using pin-on-disc wear test rig. The Al/basalt MMCs contains basalt short fiber from 2.5 to 10 % in steps of 2.5 wt. % and fabricated using compocasting technique. The influences of the content of basalt short fiber, wear load, sliding distance, sliding velocity and mode of worn-out surface were discussed. The results indicated that Al/basalt short fiber composite had better wear resistance than that of the matrix alloy and it decreases with wt. % of basalt short fiber content. In other direction wear rate of both unreinforced alloy and reinforced composites increased with increasing in wear load and the sliding speed. Surfaces before and after wear tests were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Keywords: Metal matrix composite (MMCs), Basalt fibers, sliding wear, wear rate

Abstract: The concrete composite material with basalt fiber as enhancing system in it has a lot of advantages ,including excellent mechanical properties , high temperature resistant, resistant to acid and alkali, low cost, environmental protection materials and resistance production process. It has been applied to the field of construction project. Damage of northern environment of freezing and thawing on the properties of the composite material has become a new hot issue. In order to study the characteristics of basalt fiber reinforced concrete as building composite materials in the process of freezing and thawing, this research uses the freeze-thaw cycle test to carry out the performance study on change of dynamic modulus of elasticity and quality loss of basalt fiber concrete. We use basalt fiber volume content of 0, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% respectively of four groups of concrete specimens as the research object, to carry them on the freezing-thawing resisting performance test research. Research results show that the performance of dynamic modulus of elasticity and quality loss of basalt fiber concrete in freezing and thawing process is obviously better than the plain concrete. The dosage of 0.3% basalt fiber concrete freezing-thawing resisting performance is the best in the four groups of concrete samples.

Abstract: Addition into the cement concrete fine dispersed basalt fiber allows to increase properties of fine concretes and high strength concretes. Widespread usage of this type of concrete reinforcement is limited by insufficient research of changes in the properties of basalt fiber in cement matrix. Research was made of basalt fiber comprised in cement matrix with the aid of optic and electronic microscope with magnification up to 10000. It is established a limited damage of structure of basalt fiber.

Abstract: In order to research the influence of the shear capacity of reinforced concrete beam with the incorporation of basalt fiber, four basalt fiber reinforced concrete beams with parameters of length and volume ratio were designed and made. The fiber lengths were 12mm and 30mm, and the volume ratios were 1‰ and 2‰. The test data of basalt fiber reinforced concrete was obtained through the shear experiments and comparison with the common reinforced concrete beam. The results of the experiment show that the cracking load of the basalt fiber reinforced concrete beam increase obviously with the growing of fiber characteristic parameters, and effectively reduce the diagonal crack width.

Abstract: Wind turbine blades are the major structural element and highest cost component in the wind power system. Modern wind turbine blade sizes are increasing, and the driving motivation behind this is to increase the efficiency and energy output per unit rotor area, and to reduce the cost per kilowatt hour. However due to the increase in size the material selection for wind turbine has become critical and complex. To achieve the desired materials to improve the design of wind turbine blades several factors such as high fatigue strength, less weight, less cost and potential of recycling must be focused. Basalt fiber is a relative newcomer to fiber reinforced polymers and structural composites. Basalt fiber with their excellent mechanical properties represents an interesting alternative composite material for modern wind turbine blades. Some manufacturers claim that basalt fiber has similar or better properties than S-2 glass fiber and its cheaper than carbon fiber. Basalt fiber together with carbon fiber are the most advanced and interesting area of hybrid technologies. This paper reviews extra ordinary properties of basalt fiber over other fiber reinforced composites and highlight how the basalt special properties together with carbon fiber will reduce the weight and cost of wind turbine blades while improving their performance. This paper also demonstrates why the basalt carbon hybrid composite material will be an ideal alternative for the wind turbine rotor blades.

Abstract: SiC composites have been developed by various processing methods, i. e. reaction bonding, CVD/CVI and liquid phase impregnation. This class of composites is handicapped by the high cost of investment and processing, interface coatings and raw materials and therefore only attractive for applications in astronautics and military aviation. Polymer Matrix Composites (PMC) are widely used in lightweight applications. The manufacturing technologies are fully developed and raw materials are cheap. The major drawback and limiting factor of these reinforced polymers is the limited service temperatures. Novel composite materials, bridging the gap between PMC and CMC, are manufactured by the use of polysiloxanes as SiOC matrix precursor. Such competitive free formable composites are capable for service temperatures up to 800 °C even in oxidative atmosphere. In order to make the material attractive for series applications, cost effective manufacturing technologies like Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM), filament winding or warm pressing techniques are employed. Beside the improved thermal and chemical resistivity in comparison to reinforced polymers and light metals, a major benefit of SiOC composites is investigated in the field of friction materials. A promising alternative to carbon and synthetic ceramic fibers are mineral based Basalt fibers. These lightweight fibers show high thermochemical stability up to 700 °C, are relatively cheap and became recently available in industrial scale.