Papers by Keyword: Biomass Energy

Abstract: The Philippines still relies heavily on oil and coal as energy fuel sources, contributing to approximately 63.21% of the energy mix. It is crucial to seek alternative feedstock that can comply with the increasing demand. This study thus investigated the energy potential of bolo (Gigantochloa levis (Blanco) Merrill) along the bottom, middle and top culm height portions, for bioenergy applications. The top culm was consistently observed to have the lowest moisture contents and the highest relative (0.4757 g/mL) and bulk (0.2003 g/mL) densities. Proximate analysis revealed a significant increase in average fixed carbon (FC) content from top (19.18%) to bottom (20.88%), while ash content showed the opposite trend, ranging from 3.59% to 5.92%. The average volatile matter (VM) content (74.90% - 75.53%) showed no significant variation along the culm. Lignin content was also analyzed and its correlation with FC and VM reveal a parabolic relationship with R² values of 0.84 and 0.63, respectively. Despite the top section having the lowest higher heating value, its higher density and lower moisture content resulted in the highest calculated energy density (8.13 GJ/m³ in chipped form), suggesting that the top portion has the best potential as a biomass energy source for direct combustion.

Abstract: Nigeria fondly regarded as the ‘Giant of Africa′ is the most populous country in Africa and the largest economy on the continent. However, despite the abundance of renewable energy sources, Nigeria has been identified as one of the countries with the largest energy access deficit in the world. This study therefore sought to elucidate various off-grid renewable energy opportunities that could be harnessed to engender rural electrification. The study adopted an exploratory research methodology to identify tenable off-grid renewable energy solutions that could address the prevailing energy deficit in Nigerian agro-rural communities. This study found that off-grid renewable energy solutions such as solar, biomass, hydro and wind technologies are cost-effective alternative energy sources with immense potential to enhance agro-rural community development in Nigeria significantly.

Abstract: With the rapid development of economy and a large number of energy consumption, the countries all over the world are faced with the depletion of fossil energy resources. Meanwhile, a large number of fossil energy extraction cause geological disasters frequently and the greenhouse effect, which lead to global warming, acid rain and other serious environmental problems. As a representative of the biomass energy, crop straws have advantages of wide distribution, large amount, low price and cleaning, which will be an ideal choice in the future. But it is hard to be efficiently used because of the special structure of crop straws. Through fermentation engineering and gene engineering, people can greatly improve the efficiency of utilization of crop straws, which offers a very promising way to make a breakthrough for energy consumption.

Abstract: This study adopted analytical hierarchical process (AHP) to evaluate the significance of the criterion of policy regarding promoting biomass energy, taking environmental social groups’ points of view into consideration. The analytical results of the study are as follows. The experts from environmental social groups suggested that the most important major criteria are in the order as follows: policy criterion layer, technical criterion layer, economy criterion layer, and energy education criterion layer. As for the global weights of the criteria, the criteria with top five weights are in the order as follows: “active development of green energy industry by government”, “supply and consumption method of low-carbon and low-pollution energy”, “increase of percentage of power generation from renewable energy in total power supply”, “encourage manufacturers to develop new biomass power generation technology”, and “continually develop the technology projects which has potential and prospects in the future”.

Abstract: In the high altitude, solar energy, biomass energy and wind energy are widely available and renewable energy sources. It will improve the region's living levels at high altitude and the ecological environment when developed efficiently and in low cost. Making full use of renewable natural resources is of great value and significance to sustain the development of high-altitude areas of the economy. This paper is a kind of research and study, which based on new energy and aims at making full use of solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy complementary relationship and physical changes between planting and breeding to improve the renewable energy industry, integrated, modular for the high altitude area residents gathered .

Abstract: Greening waste biomass is a potentially underutilized renewable biofuel feedstock.Economic, efficient and resource utilization of greening waste is one of important content in modern urban development. In view of the difficulty of disposing the increasing greening waste in China, this paper described the situation of the greening waste disposal and utilization in China. Then it introduced the foreign and domestic development and utilization of greening waste biomass energy. Last, the paper pointed out that compared with developed countries, there were still existed many problems in China. So it needs to solve the existing problems to achieve sustainable development of greening waste.

Abstract: Energy crops are not only the key to the development of biomass energy, but also canpromote the improvement of saline and other marginal land and mprove the utilization efficiency.The rural biomass energy utilization status and characteristics of different energy crops and researchstatus in Yellow River Delta was introduced; Castor, switchgrass and sweet sorghum grown inmarginal land feasibility are discussed; Finally, the several suggestions of to promote biomassenergy and local marginal land development have been proposed.

Abstract: Agricultural residues from straw are widely used for energy and other applications. The thermal conductivity is one of the most important thermophysical properties considered when using agricultural residues, such as rice straw, in renewable energy engineering. In this paper, the thermal conductivity of rice straw was measured using a thermal probe by the transient hot wire method at selected moisture contents, temperatures and dry densities. The moisture contents of the samples ranged from 0 to 21.47 percent wet basis and the dry densities ranged from 90.7 to 136.4 kg/m³ and the temperature ranged from 0 to 170°C. Under those conditions, the thermal conductivity was measured and analyzed. Experiment results showed that the thermal conductivity increases with the increases of the density, moisture content and temperature, and the relationship among them is approximately described in a linear way. A new model to predict the thermal conductivity of agricultural residues from straw was proposed. The calculated results by the proposed model are in good agreement with the experimental data.

Abstract: The article proved the effects of urea treatment on the structure and properties of wheat straw, using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle analyze (CAA) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) other methods. The results show that the urea treatment of wheat straw epidermis and lignin chemical structure has undergone significant changes, most of the inorganic components of wheat straw has dissolved, making the cellulose from the lignin parcels released while the lignin from hard degradable mesh macromolecules into small molecules of a straight chain of easily biodegradable, so that the anaerobic microorganisms to the degradation of cellulose and lignin can be more easily.

Abstract: As one of a agricultural provinces of China, Yunnan has abundant biomass resources such as crops straw, wood wastes and so on. However, the exact annual output of biomass resources has not been statistically calculated. Through carefully collecting and recalculating data from 2000 to 2008 year, the accurate main crops straw yield of Yunnan were calculated by using the Straw to Product Ratio (RPR) coefficient of different crops in this paper. Yunnan produced some 23 million tons of crops straw per year. The three largest contributions to the total output of crops straw were from corn, sugarcane and rice, which amounted to 39%, 28% and 16% of the total crops straw respectively. This paper analyzed the present status of utilization of biomass in Yunnan and proposed that more than 60% of crops straw were burnt in the field at present, which has caused serious environmental pollution. There was still 19 million tons of biomass from agriculture, forestry and flower industry each year can be used as biomass energy resources, which was equivalent to about 9.5 million tons of standard coal, and can provide about 2.76 × 10¹⁴KJ biomass energy.