Papers by Keyword: Biomedical

Abstract: Zinc oxide is the most widely used nanomaterial in nanotechnology due to its outstanding properties and characterizations. Enormous attention has arisen due to its unique physical properties consists of a wide energy band gap of 3.37 eV at ambient temperature and large binding energy of 60 meV, which give development to an extensive range of potential applications in many areas such as electronics, solar cells, and biological applications. The size and shape of nanoparticles are significant to ensure the process becomes faster, cheaper and more efficient compared with traditional methods. By having more active area of nanoparticles, the biological and chemical process become more effectives. The biological activity of ZnO Nanoparticles was investigated through the antibacterial activity, anti-microbial activity, as anticancer and antioxidant material. The method used to prepare the ZnO Nanoparticles also take an important part which is to reduce the by-product formation when applied in wastewater treatment. This article summarizes different preparation methods of ZnO Nanoparticles and its application uses. The ZnO nanoparticles can be used the various applications, for example for the antibacterial, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, antioxidant and for wastewater treatment applications.

Abstract: Over the past 30 years, the medical sector has increasingly used 3D printing to offer personalized and fast solutions for patients. The lack of biocompatible and biomechanically efficient polymers, hydrogels, biomaterials and bioinks is a major barrier to the widespread adoption of 3D printing in biomedical manufacturing. For this aim, a variety of synthetic and biological polymers can be employed. Combining biological and synthetic materials can enhance their physicochemical and biological qualities, as each has advantages and downsides. This paper discusses the types of synthetic, natural and hybrid materials that can be used for medical purpose 3D printing.

Abstract: Dolomite is a raw carbonate mineral rich in contents with calcium, magnesium and oxide compounds also including other minor impurities from other compounds. It could be easily found in sedimentary rock which is most likely known as dolostone associated with limestone and chalk carbonates. This mineral has been used in a variety of industries including agricultural, metallurgy, constructions, biomass and others. Currently, there are abundant sources of local dolomite minerals but have very limited applications when compared to other types of carbonate minerals. This was contributed by the lack of basic technical information on dolomite properties and no extensive research has been done to evaluate the new potential of this mineral. Therefore, this paper made a brief review on the important characteristics, properties and thermal behavior of dolomite and based on these findings discussed the dolomite's suitability and potential to be used as bioceramics and in biomedical applications.

Abstract: In this research, smooth commercial Ti grade 2 corroded by ErCl₃.6H₂O under an electrochemical process with difference electrochemical current ranging from 0.5 – 4A, providing a rougher surface conducive to the adsorption on the Ti surface. A thin layer of TiO₂ nanotubes synthesized via the anodization method on microporous Ti surfaces for application in the biomedical field. The results reveal that the smooth titanium surface was completely corroded, resulting in the formation of a microporous structure, with a thin layer of TiO₂ successfully formed on the microporous titanium surfaces. The digital optical images obtained using digital microscope (VHX) showed that the micropore depth is around 41.94 - 55.83 µm. On the other hand, the SEM results revealed that the diameter of TiO₂ nanotubes ranged from 50 – 80 nm. The EDS and XRD techniques indicated that no impurities were present, and the TiO₂ phase was successfully formed. SEM images show positive results regarding the formation of a bone-like CaP mineral layer after 14 days of immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), indicating suitability for biomedical applications.

Abstract: In this study to the authors knowledge 1^st time, Metal Injection Molding (MIM) technique was used to introduce the magnesium alloy WE43 into binder-based powder metallurgical (PM) processing. Towards later adoption to binder-based 3D-printing technologies, Fused Granular Fabrication (FGF) technique, respectively for biomedical application. Metal Injection Moulding (MIM) is a binder based economic near net shape prototyping technique for production of complex shaped parts in high number and high reproducibility, and hence perfect as a “gold standard” for the introduction of new Mg-alloys into binder passed PM processing. In doing so, dogbone shape tensile test specimen were manufactured by MIM, subsequently solvent debound and conventional sintered in argon atmosphere. Next to the as sintered specimens (asS), solid solution heat treatment (T4) and precipitation hardening heat treatment (T6) were performed on additional specimens. Tensile tests pointed out high strength and ductility of as sintered and heat treaded specimens of up to 226 MPa UTS at 7.6% elongation at fracture. The microstructure was investigated using SEM imaging technique equipped with energy disperse x-ray energy analysis (EDX) for secondary phase analysis. Hence, the magnesium alloy WE43 could be identified as a high strength and ductility alloy for binder based PM processing for future additive manufacturing approaches in biomedical applications of patient adapted implants.

Abstract: Nowadays, the increased average age of patients and the decreased age at which arthroplasty is carried out represents a reason for the necessity of higher quality standards for prostheses. In particular, tribocorrosion generates an irreversible transformation of the materials and the release of particles and metal ions in toxic concentrations in the biological environment in which the systems are implanted. One of the most used materials for prosthetic implants is the Ti6Al4V alloy but its tribological behavior is still challenging for the application. Employing and optimizing severe plastic deformation processes represents a way to obtain prostheses with superior performance improving patients’ quality of life and reducing the burden on National Health Cares. Ti6Al4V bars have undergone machining with semi-finishing parameters and burnishing processes. Tribocorrosion tests have been performed in a custom-made cylinder-on-disk configuration employing Al2O3 counterparts and phosphate buffer solution with the addition of albumin as simulated body fluid. The effects of sole machining and its combination with burnishing on surface quality and specific wear rate (SWR) have been assessed with respect to as received surface conditions. Optical microscopy, stylus profilometry and sample weighing before tests and at specific intervals during the tests have been employed for characterization. As a main result, it has been found that burnishing process is able to improve SWR of Ti6Al4V samples with respect to both as received and machined samples. Furthermore, the overall behavior of tribological system is gradually improved first employing sole machining and then combining machining and burnishing, reducing SWR of counterparts as well.

Abstract: Cellular Ti-6Al-4V materials with open-cell pore array structures have been fabricated by Electron Beam Melting (EBM) using an Arcam A2X system. The test samples were cylinders 20 mm diam. x 40 mm high, with pore diameters of 1.75 - 2.5 mm and porosities in the range of 61 - 83%. The structures were based on a simple cubic pore array.Sample stiffness and strength were both found to decrease with increasing porosity, exhibiting mean Young’s moduli of 3.5 – 15.6 GPa and mean yield stresses of 20.2 – 93.6 MPa. Finite element analysis (FEA) using ANSYS was performed to model the stress-strain curves for a representative volume, using measured bulk material properties. Stiffness and strength were significantly overestimated by this method, but better agreement with measured data was obtained when the representative volume was extended along the compression axis.

Abstract: Compared to conventional metallic materials, biodegradable material magnesium and calcium (Mg-Ca) alloys are attractive to be new participants as implants. It can avoid stress shielding and provide sufficient mechanical strength as the similar mechanical properties to human bone. In this study, Mg-0.8wt%Ca and Mg-1.6wt%Ca are prepared and Mg-0.8wt%Ca is dry milled. Overall carbide tool is used in the process and the roughness generated by different combination of cutting parameters, i.e. cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut are studied.

Abstract: Internet of Things and Big Data are critical passion to applying medical field. But both field interaction necessary for Bio Medical fields to improve the Doctor efficiency and it helps to serve patients in better way. In this paper mention that what are the important of the Bio Medical field linking with most recent Technology. Scientific relations to delaying with unstructured data analysis. Digital Device integration requirements for patients. Digital way user friendly communication with Doctor to patient. It helpful for finding disease and counseling patient complications reduce. Finally we achieved a better virtual environment creating with Doctor to patients for improving service.

Abstract: Metal injection moulding (MIM) is a well-established, cost-effective method of fabricating small-to-moderate size near net-shape metal components. MIM is increasingly being employed as a process for fabricating orthopaedic and dental products with complicated shapes. In this study, commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) powder has been used to fabricate dental implants via MIM. The CP-Ti powder was mixed with binders containing Polyethylene glycol (PEG), High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and stearic acid (SA) to form the MIM feedstock. Commercially available feedstock was also used to fabricate MIM implants. The MIM compacts were then subjected to debinding and sintering, and then the mechanical and chemical properties of the compacts were investigated for their suitability for dental implantology. The effect of the MIM processing variables on the surface roughness of CP-Ti was also investigated and studies for biocompatibility were carried out using in-vitro cell culture. The results showed that the mechanical and chemical properties of the sintered components were within ASTM Grade MIM 2 and Grade MIM 3 (ASTM F2989 − 13) specifications for titanium. The results also showed that the implants produced by MIM appeared to meet basic biocompatibility requirements. It was concluded that dental implant prototypes may be fabricated successfully using MIM and this approach offers greater opportunities for future manufacturing.