Papers by Keyword: Biotechnology

Abstract: The paper explores the potential of biotechnological processes for air purification in closed environments. Ensuring a stable gas composition of air in isolated spaces is critical for maintaining human life in homes, offices, and the effective work of technical personnel and technical systems. Particular attention is paid to the biotechnological method of reducing the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and other greenhouse gases with the participation of microalgae. Atmospheric air, bubbled through a membrane photobioreactor with a culture of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris, showed a decrease in CO₂ content from 0.04% to 0.015%. This indicates the high efficiency of CO₂ biofixation by microalgae in a photobioreactor equipped with a membrane module for removing oxygen, a product of photosynthesis, thereby intensifying photosynthetic activity. This approach can be used in life support systems for enclosed environments, such as spacecraft, underground structures, bomb shelters, or energy-efficient buildings. The work also develops a mathematical description that models the mechanism of CO₂ transport from the air into the internal environment of microalgae cells to provide conditions for photosynthesis, as well as the effect of oxygen removal intensity and UV irradiation on the growth of microalgae cells. The results obtained allow the optimization of air purification conditions in real biological systems.

Abstract: The role of forestry in providing renewable, sustainable and environmentally friendly materials in engineering is increasingly being emphasized. This paper explores the recent advancements and diverse applications of sustainable forestry materials in several engineering sectors. A systematic and structured review was conducted, using literature from Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases in the past decade. The results revealed that integration of sustainable forestry materials, such as timber, bamboo, cork, and engineered wood products like cross-laminated timber (CLT) and laminated veneer lumber (LVL), offers significant environmental benefits, including renewable sourcing, reduced carbon footprints, and versatile applications across various engineering sectors. Forestry sustainable materials provide viable replacements for traditional building materials in construction, automotive and aerospace. In addition, forestry materials are also being used in consumer goods, appreciating their aesthetics and performance properties. Furthermore, the results revealed that advanced processing techniques, such as thermal modification and chemical treatments, enhance the durability and performance of these materials for demanding applications. However, challenges like material degradation, high initial costs, unsustainable harvesting practices, and slow updates to building codes hinder their widespread adoption. Overcoming these barriers will require the development of standardized testing methods, improved processing technologies, greater market acceptance, and supportive policies, alongside advances in biotechnology. Therefore, sustainable forestry materials offer environmentally friendly and renewable alternatives in construction, automotive, and aerospace engineering. Advanced processing techniques enhance their durability, enabling their use in demanding applications while reducing carbon footprints.

Abstract: Human-induced water nutrient enrichment, termed "cultural eutrophication", spurs algae proliferation. This study proposes removing excess cyanobacterial biomass, or blue-green algae, for biofuel production. The resultant digestate serves as organic and mineral fertilizer. Investigating bio-methanogenesis, the study examines reactions for biogas production from BGA, analyzing its chemical and physical properties. This eco-friendly approach, utilizing excess organic matter from algal blooms, ensures sustainable resource utilization. The viability of utilizing cyanobacterial biomass underscores its ecological and economic importance. This paper establishes safe cyanobacterial biomass processing principles, offering a comprehensive technological framework for methane and fertilizer production from various substrates.

Abstract: The article discusses the development and application of technical devices for medical research. Biomedical engineering is one of the scientific and technical fields that explores and develops the application of engineering principles and concepts in medicine and biology to create artificial organs that can compensate for the lack of physiological functions. Medical engineering combines engineering and design skills with problem solubilities in the field of medicine and life sciences, and can also improve therapies based on the fundamental principles of molecular and cell biology, including diagnosis, monitoring and treatment.

Abstract: The article discusses the advances of biomimetics in imitation of the laws of nature. Everything in nature is perfect. Nature is smart, rational and innovative, that’s why scientists and engineers from all over the world are trying to reproduce natural principles in the laboratory. The use of ideas borrowed from wildlife is called biomimetics. Since Leonardo da Vinci tried to design an airplane that simulates the flight of birds, the biomimetics - the science of using natural attributes, functions, and structures in technical equipment was first spoken about. Many scientists look to nature in the hope of finding solutions to the complex issues that humans face. In this regard, the nature provides many ready-made solutions - we just need to adapt them to specific technical problems.

Abstract: The article discusses the features of biomimetics as a science that allows to suggest technologies for creating new technologies. Strange to relate, the man is a being completely unadapted to life. At the same time, man made a lot of discoveries precisely thanks to the observation of animals — from primitive tools based on the teeth of other animals to the first flying machines. Over time, the human civilization has defined a whole direction in science, which explores mechanisms in nature in order to use them for the benefit of man. With the help of biomimetics (from the Latin "bios" - life and "mimesis" - imitation), many problems from medicine, architecture, transport and energy were solved.

Abstract: The article considers the advances of biomedical engineering as the basis of scientific advances. Biomedical Engineering is the development and application of technical equipment for medical and biological research. This is an area where technologists, biologists and physicians work together to gain basic knowledge of the physical properties and behaviour of biological materials. The knowledge gained by these scientists is used to create devices, perform operations and develop new methods that improve human health and quality of life. Advances in biomedical technology made possible by this partnership include dialysis machines designed to replace sick and malfunctioning kidneys; hip and knee prostheses; materials and technologies for the work of the heart and blood vessels; artificial heart.

Abstract: This study examined the effectiveness of decontamination of industrial cyanide-containing water using mycelium-based lignocellulosic materials. These results suggest that fungi biomass and plant substrates can be used successfully in the treatment of wastewater contaminated by cyanide. Fungi were isolated from old wood samples taken from a tailing dam with high cyanide content (more than 20 years in semi-submerged condition). All isolated fungi belonged to the genus Fusarium. Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl. is most effective for biodegradation of cyanide-containing wastewaters (even at low temperatures). The most optimal lignocellulosic composition for production of mycelium-based biomaterial for biodegradation of cyanide wastewater consists of a uniform ratio of Siberian pine sawdust and wheat straw. The high efficiency of mycelium-based materials has been experimentally proven in vitro at 15-25 ° C. New fungal biomaterials are provide decrease in the concentration of cyanide ions to 79% (P <0.001). Large-scale cultivation of fungi biomass was carried out by the periodic liquid-phase cultivation. The submerged biomass from bioreactor was used as an inoculum for the production of mycelium-based materials for bioremediation of cyanide wastewater in situ (gold mine tailing).

Abstract: This research addresses the challenges of sustainable use of natural polymers, including in technical fields. One of the leading trends in science and industry headway today lies in designing advanced functional materials, e.g. for manufacturing medical items, technical devices, food-processing tools et al. For this purpose, universally applicable technological processes are being developed, including in biotechnology. One of the main goals of this research is to explore ways to consolidate living systems, by instilling in them desirable physical and chemical properties so as to diversify their applications, including in technical fields. Polymers structure and properties have been investigated via raster electron microscopy, spectral analysis, et al.

Abstract: Silicon carbide is a well-known wide-band gap semiconductor traditionally used in power electronics and solid-state lighting due to its extremely low intrinsic carrier concentration and high thermal conductivity. What is only recently being discovered is that it possesses excellent compatibility within the biological world. Since publication of the first edition of Silicon Carbide Biotechnology: A Biocompatible Semiconductor for Advanced Biomedical Devices and Applications five years ago [1], significant progress has been made on numerous research and development fronts. In this paper three very promising developments are briefly highlighted – progress towards the realization of a continuous glucose monitoring system, implantable neural interfaces made from free-standing 3C-SiC, and a custom-made low-power ‘wireless capable’ four channel neural recording chip for brain-machine interface applications.