Papers by Keyword: Blend

Abstract: The blends of varying proportions of biodiesel fuel containing fatty acid methyl esters and triacetin (FAME*), synthesised accordingly to Latvian patent LV 15 373 and summer diesel were prepared, analysed and compared with diesel fuel. The selected fuel properties (viscosity, density, carbon residue and cold flow properties) tested accordingly to standard LVS-EN 14214 have indicated a good potential of FAME*, obtained by synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) by simultaneous conversion of glycerol to triacetin as a renewable diesel engine fuel. The results showed that blends containing 5 to 25% of FAME* in summer diesel yielded the properties closely matching that of diesel.Introduction

Abstract: Miscible transparent blend consist of poly (methylmethacrylate) with cellulose acetate phthalate was prepared in order to get more transparent blend for ultraviolet rays. The blend was prepared by melt-blending and examined using UV-VIS spectroscopy. The structural, mechanical and thermal properties of selected samples were studied using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, and thermos-gravimetric analysis. The UV-VIS spectrum exhibited the best blend ratio which has low absorbency to ultraviolet rays, On the other hand, high optical transparency within visible region. The results also showed that the blend has an amorphous structure as X-ray diffraction diffractogram. Moreover, thermal stability happened with the presence of cellulose acetate phthalate in the blend.

Abstract: The extensive range of fillers used nowadays indicated the major significance of filler in the plastic industry. Although their original purpose was to lower the cost of the molding compounds; prime importance is now attached to selective modification of the properties of a specific plastic. In this study, the examples of LDPE/EVA blends, were put into 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 wt.% of EVA. The tensile strength, bending strength and impact strength of samples were determined according to ASTM D638, ISO 178 and ISO 179. Results showed that when increasing ratio of EVA in LDPE/ EVA blends, tensile strength decreased from 10.9 MPa to 8.6 MPa. Bending strength decreased linearly from 9.63 MPa to 5.46 MPa. Charpy impact strength decreased from 47.5 kJ/m² to 6.3 kJ/m². On the contrary, elongation in 100% LDPE is 78.3%; with the appearance of EVA, elongation of the LDPE/ EVA blends increased upto 109.1%. In addition, SEM micrographs indicated that, it was more crystal-clear when the EVA content is less; in the highest EVA content with 15%, it can be seen that the specimen after pressing is slightly opaque and darker than the orthers. From that showed the addition of EVA to the polymer leads the tensile strength, bending strength were not affect much, impact strength decreased but elongation experienced an increase.

Abstract: BiVO₄ photocatalyst prepared by hydrothermal method was mixed with polyaniline (PANI). The phase structure, morphology and optical properties of PANI-BiVO₄ photocatalysts were analyzed through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The results showed that the optimal preparation conditions of composite photocatalyst were 0.5wt.% PANI mixing ratio and H₃PO₄ as doping acid. The photocatalysis degradation rate is the highest. This new heterogeneous structure photocatalyst is expected to show considerably potential applications in solar-driven environmental pollution cleanup.

Abstract: Poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/poly (propylene carbonate) (PPC) composite foams were microcellular foamed with CO2 through a batch foaming process. The influences of PPC contents, foaming temperature, and saturation pressure on the cell structure and foam density were investigated. The biodegradable PLA/PPC composite foam showed a controlled structure of microcellular and nanocellular. With an increase in saturation temperature and pressure, the cell size was increasing and both the cell density and foam density were decreased simultaneously.

Abstract: The thermal properties of poly (lactic acid)[PLA] modified poly (3 –hydroxybutyrate –co-4 -hydroxbutyrate) [P(3HB-co-4HB)], prepared by melt blending with different blending ratios were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry [DSC], thermogravimetry [TGA], melt flow rate [MFR] and tensile test measurements, and scanning electron microscopy [SEM]. The DSC tests showed that the glass transition temperature, Tg, of P(3HB-co-4HB) increased from-7°C to 56°C when mixed with 50% to 67% of PLA. A decrease in crystallization temperature, Tc, of P(3HB-co-4HB) broadened the melting interval. The MFR tests indicated the blends had good flow properties and the variation of the PLA content had little effect on the flow properties. The tensile tests showed that PLA improved the mechanical properties of P(3HB-co-4HB), including the tensile strength and elongation at break. The blends had the best mechanical properties when the percentage of PLA was 64%.

Abstract: The desired properties of rubber goods significantly depend on three key factors: 1) rubber formulations; 2) processing methods; and 3) design of products. High modulus rubber vulcanizates can hardly be achieved with a balance of the overall properties, because the rubbers or elastomers are soft and flexible material. In this research work, we aimed to formulate the natural rubber (NR) compounds for the specified high modulus rubber articles to be comparable with a slatted wood. Four important effects were taken into consideration, i.e. filler contents, amounts of process oil, blend ratios, and silane coupling agent contents. Based on the results in this study, the best possible combination to produce high modulus rubber vulcanizates was 80/20 NR/EVA blend reinforced by 60/60 silica/carbon black. The processing of compound can be aided by an addition of the process oil at 14.3 wt% relative to the filler contents and the silane coupling agent at 9.0 wt% relative to the silica amounts. The obtained rubber compound/vulcanizate showed easy processability, acceptable mechanical properties, and in particular hardness of 93 Shore A, while the slatted wood has 95 Shore A.

Abstract: This research aimed to study the compatibility and properties of deproteinized natural rubber latex (DNRL)/gelatinized starch blended films for use as transdermal patches. Various starches were previously gelatinized by heat treatment. Then, the DNRL/gelatinized starch blended films were prepared by simple mixing of DNRL with gelatinized starch and then drying at 50°C. The various parameters such as types (potato, sago, bean, corn, tapioca, rice and glutinous starches), amounts (5, 10, 15 and 20 part per hundred of rubber (phr)) and concentrations of gelatinized starch pastes (5, 10, 20 and 50%) were evaluated. It was found that all starch types could be blended as a homogeneous mixture with DNRL only in 5 phr. Bean starch also provided the good mixture in 10 and 15 phr. Rice and corn starches in the concentrations up to 20 phr could also be blended. Higher concentration of gelatinized starch pastes obtained the higher viscous liquids that were difficult to blend as a homogeneous mixture with DNRL, and provided inhomogeneous blended films. The dried films of all homogeneous DNRL/gelatinized starch mixtures were slightly yellowish transparent with good physical appearances. The tensile strength, swelling and erosion of these blended films increased when increasing amounts of gelatinized starch, but their elasticities were not different comparing to that of DNRL film itself. However, their strengths should be further improved by adding some plasticizers. Some drugs would be further loaded in these homogeneous film formulations for transdermal delivery.

Abstract: Silk fibroin, gelatin, and chitosan blended solution in formic acid with different composition ratios were electrospun. The fiber could be produced from SF:G : C blended solution at weight blending ratios (%wt: %wt: ml) of 10:20:0, 10:20:0.5, 10:20;1, 10:20:1.5, 10:20:2, and 20:10:1. When the chitosan content in blended solution increased, the average diameter decreased from 245 to 100 nm and fiber size distribution was narrow. The SF: G: C solution at ratio of 10:20:1 under high electric field and long spinning distance provided the continuous and uniform fibers. The formic acid as solvent did not affect to the electrospinnability and morphology of SF: G: C blended nanofiber. Tensile strength of SF: G: C (10:20:1) blended nanofiber was decreased with increasing of silk fibroin content, SF: G: C (20:10:1). The results indicated that SF: G: C electrospun nanofiber mats could be prepared and have a potential to be applied in membrane application.

Abstract: Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement is used to investigate the nonisothermal crystallization behavior of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/polysulfone (PSF)/diethylene glycol dibenzoate (DEDB)/dibutyl phthalate (DBP) system via solid-liquid (S-L) phase separation during a thermally induced phase separation process. The effect of benzene ring in PSF on PVDF crystallization for PVDF/PSF/DEDB/DBP system is investigated. It is found that the Ozawa model can describe nonisothermal crystallization behavior of PVDF/PSF/DEDB/DBP system in a certain crystallization temperature range. Jeziorny method indicates that the secondary crystallization of PVDF exists in the process of nonisothermal crystallization and is enhanced by the increase of cooling rate.