Papers by Keyword: Blend

Abstract: Diatomite was treated by titanate coupling agent and blended with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) by the method of melt-mixing blend. The performance of the blends, such as thermal behavior, mechanical property and microstructure, were analyzed with differential scanning calorimetry, thermo-gravimetric analysis, tensile strength testing and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that influenced the crystalline behavior of LDPE phase in the blends and made the crystallization rate of LDPE phase decreased. Moreover, the thermo-decomposing temperature of the blends increased with increasing the diatomite content, diatomite significantly improved the thermal stability of the blends. Tensile strengths of the blends firstly decreased and then increased. When the diatomite content was 30%wt, the tensile strength of the blend reached to 14.6MPa. SEM photographs showed the good dispersion and interaction.

Abstract: Poly (L-lactic) Acid (PLLA) is one type of degradable polymer which mostly used for bioplastic. PLLA has strength and modulus comparable with another commercial polymer and not degrade in general environment, however PLLA exhibits brittle fracture. In the present study, blending between PLLA with other polymers was carried out to improve the brittleness of PLLA resin. Polymers that been used in the blending process are synthetic rubber, waste rubber, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polylactic acid microsphere. Blend ratio (98/2) was considered in the study . The tensile properties and morphology was investigated using tensile testing and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). It was found that the addition of PLA microsphere shows the highest tensile strength and elongation at break and good Youngs modulus. While waste rubber and synthetic rubber exhibit the lowest tensile properties. In general, it is found that the toughness of PLLA can be improved by blending method.

Abstract: Diethyl Ether (DEE) is a promising oxygenated renewable bio-base resource fuel for CI engines owing to its high ignition quality. DEE has several favourable properties, including exceptional cetane number, very low self-ignition temperature, high oxygen content, broad flammability limits and reasonable energy density for on-board storage. It is a liquid at ambient conditions, which makes it attractive for fuel handling and fuel infrastructure requirements and hence, it is a compatible fuel for use in CI engine. Diethyl ether is the simplest ether expressed by its chemical formula CH₃CH₂-O-CH₂CH₃, consisting of two ethyl groups bonded to a central oxygen atom. It can be mixed in any proportion in diesel fuel as it is completely miscible with diesel fuel. It was observed that density, kinematic viscosity and calorific value of the blends decreases while the oxygen content and cetane number of the blends increases with the concentration of DEE addition. The presence of DEE increases the front end volatility of the blends and decreases boiling point in comparison to baseline diesel fuel. No significant difference was observed in the tail-end volatility of the blends. The blended fuel retains the desirable physical properties of diesel fuel but includes the cleaner burning capability of DEE.

Abstract: In present scenario researchers focusing the alternate sources of petroleum products. Based on this, current research work focused the emission study of its characteristics and potential as a substitute for Diesel fuel in CI engines. Current research biodiesel is produced by base catalyzed transesterification of rice bran oil is known as Rice Bran Oil Methyl Ester (Biofuel). In this research various proportions of Biofuel and Diesel are prepared on volume basis. It is used as fuels in a four stroke single cylinder direct injection Diesel engine to study the performance and emission characteristics of these fuels. Varieties of results obtained, that shows around 50% reduction in smoke, 33% reduction in HC and 38% reduction in CO emissions. In result discussion a different blends of the brake power and BTE are reduced nearly 2 to 3% and 3 to 4% respectively around 5% increase in the SFC. Therefore it is accomplished from the this experimental work that the blends of Biofuel and Diesel fuel can successfully be used in Diesel engines as an alternative fuel without any modification in the engine. It is also environment friendly blended fuel by the various emission standards.

Abstract: Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate-co-β-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) is a bacterial-synthesized biopolymer. Moreover, PHBV is a biodegradable, it is an interesting biopolymer for disposable products. PHBV is difficult to process due to its low toughness, an elastic polymer such as natural rubber is introduced to develop toughness. In this experiment, PHBV mechanical properties were improved by blending with natural rubber (NR) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR). The NR/PHBV and ENR/PHBV blends with the same ratio of 10/90 (wt/wt) could be extruded, whereas other conditions could not. This ratio was then used throughout this study to examine effect of maleic anhydride (MA) and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) to improve toughness of the blends. Result showed at composition where 1.0 % (wt/wt) MA and 0.05 % (wt/wt) BPO was mixed (coding EPMB2), several aspects of mechanical properties were improved. The blend, EPMB2 revealed the highest impact strength, significantly improved of elongation but drastically decreased of tensile strength. Storage modulus slightly decreased, tangent delta significantly increased when compared with neat PHBV.

Abstract: Performance test of the engine fueled with DME-methanol blends was conducted on a 4102BQ diesel engine. The results show that: by increasing the fuel pump plunger diameter, delaying injection timing, and reducing nozzle-opening pressure, the rated power of the engine, fueled with DM90 blends (Mass ratio of DME and methanol is 9:1), descended 13.97% relative to the original diesel engine, but the soot emissions did not appeared in all test conditions. In full load condition, NO_x emissions declined by 55.1%, CO emissions fell by 65.8%, but HC emissions increased by 21.6%.

Abstract: To further study the performance of the engine fueled with DME-diesel blends, the indicator diagrams of a two-cylinder four-stroke engine are recorded at 1700r/min and 2300r/min under different load, the heat release rate and the rate of pressure rise are calculated. The results show that: when fueled the engine with D20 blend (Mass ratio of DME and diesel oil is 2:10) and optimizing the fuel supply advance angle, the maximum cylinder pressure decreases by 10% averagely and its corresponding crank angle delays 2°CA, the maximum rate of pressure rise is relatively lowers about 20%, the beginning of heat release delays，but combustion duration do not extend, and the centroid of heat release curves is closer to TDC (Top Dead Center), maximum combustion temperature drops 70-90K. These results indicate that the mechanical efficiency will be improved and, NO_x emissions and mechanical noise will be reduced when an engine fueled with DME-diesel blends.

Abstract: The natural rubber/polyvinyl alcohol (NR/PVA) blends containing various compatilizers grafted from NR were prepared using latex compounding techniques. The effects of various compatilizers on the morphology, mechanical properties and thermal behaviors were studied. The interface compatible performance of the blends were greatly improved with the presence of the compatilizers, and the phase dispertion of the blends achieved the best effect under the action of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR). The onset temperature of the thermal decomposition of ENR and graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto NR (NR-g-PMMA) increased obviously, but the maleic anhydride grafted onto NR (NR-g-MAH) drop obviously comparing to that of NR. The thermal stability of the blends were inferior to NR. With the presence of ENR, the tensile strength and elongation at break obtained great value which was ascribed the presence of the best phase dispertion, while the tear strength and shore A hardness obtained great value due to the addition of MAH-g-NR.

Abstract: The reduction of world oil reserves fossil fuels and increasing environmental concerns significantly influences the popularity of biodiesel as an alternative diesel. This research investigates the effects of storage duration of variant blending waste cooking oil ratio under different storage temperature on fuel properties. The biodiesel samples were stored at different temperatures and were monitored at regular interval over a period of 70 days. Blending of biodiesel was varied from 5vol % (WCO5) ~15vol% (WCO15) and storage temperature from 24°C~35°C. These samples were monitored on a weekly and the effects of storage conditions on properties of biodiesel such as density, kinematics viscosity, acid value, water content and flash point of biodiesel were discussed in detail. The observation of biodiesel shows that the increasing of storage duration of biodiesel derived from waste cocking oil influences to the increasing of density, kinematics viscosity, acid value and water content.

Abstract: This study analyzed nine polypropylene (PP) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) blends where the mass concentrations of each sample were changed, proportionally. The aim was to investigate the tensile strength by means of these polymers best combination, before and after its exposal to gamma rays. The results showed that the 20/80 - PP/LDPE blend had a better performance concerning mechanical properties after irradiation, where the maximums tensile stress had an average increase of 30% in 30 and 50 kGy doses and 33% in the 200 kGy dose. On the other hand, it was verified that the higher blend's PP concentration, the higher its tensile strength will be (except for 100 kGy and 200 kGy doses which PP concentration over 70% can cause eventual degradation in the polymeric chains of the blend).