Papers by Keyword: Bone Defect

Abstract: Ideal bone graft must possess the desirable trait such as osteoconductive, osteoinductive and osteogenesis. Demineralized Bone Matrix (DBM) provides both osteoconductive and osteoinductive trait. Referring to the tissue engineering principle, the addition of mesenchymal stem cell would add the osteogenic trait to this procedure. The design of this study is experimental using Bovine DBM. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell (BMSCs) and Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells (ASCs) were taken from New Zealand white rabbit. There are two groups of treatment, divided into DBM implanted with BMSCs and DBM implanted with ASCs. Each BMSCs and ASCs groups is incubated in the normal and osteogenic culture plate. Evaluation is performed by counting the osteoblast and immunohistochemistry stain using Alkaline Phosphate and Osteocalcin. After 4 weeks of incubation, we found that the osteoblast count in BMSCs groups is higher compared to the ASCs groups in both culture condition (p<0.01) along with Alkaline Phosphate staining (p<0.05), while the Osteocalcin staining showed insignificant differences (p>0.05). This study revealed that xenogenic bovine DBM can act as the potential osteoinductive scaffold for the MSCs to differentiate. The tissue engineering application by combining MSCs and Bovine DBM can be considered as an alternative in managing bone defect cases.

Abstract: Calcium bone substitutes are successfully used for local recovery of osteoporotic bone and filling of bone defects. Previous studies revieled that biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) show better bioactivity in compare to pure β-tricalcium phosphate or hydroxyapatite. Also increased porosity of material promotes better bone tissue response. Aim of this experiment was to evaluate immunohistologically response of osteoporotic bone of experimental animal to implantation of granules with hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate (HAp/β-TCP) ratio of 90/10. Calcium phosphate (CaP) was synthesized by aqueous precipitation technique from calcium hydroxide and phosphoric acid. Bioceramic granules in size range from 1.0 to 1.4 mm were prepared with nanopore sizes around 200 nm. We used nine female rabbits with induced osteoporosis in this experiment. Six animals in study group underwent implantation of BCP in hip bone defect and three animals in control group left without BCP implantation. After 6 months animals were euthanized, bone samples collected and proceeded for detection of bone activity and repair markers: osteocalcin (OC), osteopontin (OP) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Controls showed the presence of experimental bone osteoporosis. In experimental group bone showed partially resorbed bioceramic granules and in some samples new bone formation near the granuli was observed. Increase of OC and OPG up to twice as to compare to control group were detected as well. Implantation of BCP granules in osteoporotic rabbit bone increases expression of OC and OPG indicating the activation of osteoblastogenesis and bone mineralization in vivo.

Abstract: In this paper, PAA-Ch/hydrogel compounds and it containing PRP (platelet-rich-plasma), bone cell composites were obtained by UV light or γ-ray irradiation method forscaffold material application. We utilized nanosized silica solution, natural chitosan and acrylicacid (AAc) as raw material to synthesize PAA-Ch/hydrogel products. The identified func-tional group peaks from FTIR has shown the evidence for the successful grafting of PAA-Ch-Si hydrogel nanocomposites through radiation co-polymerization procedure. The mechanical property analysis indicate that PAA-Ch/hydrogels have strong compressive strength and fitted friction coefficients when PAA incorporated with both chitosan and nano-silica. We also obtained that the animal models of PAA-Ch/ hydrogel composites and it incorporating PRP,bone cell as the bone supplying materials. The animal tests results proved that these composites are more compatible and efficacious for bone defect healing.

Abstract: Antibiotic delivery systems used in the past have consisted primarily of impregnated cement beads that required routine removal once the antibiotic had eluded completely. With the development of collagen scaffolds that could be used to fill bony defects the antibiotic cold be delivered from the scaffold used to sustain local bone growth. Over the course of two years antibiotic loaded collagen scaffolds were used in the local treatment of 21patients suffering of complicated fractures including bone defects, infections or pseudoarthrosis, all of them of traumatic nature. At the time of the initial surgical debridement or at subsequent second look procedures once local tissue viability was observed the antibiotic loaded collagen scaffold was inserted in the tissue defect and never removed. Excellent results were obtained and the infection was brought under control by use of both surgical and antibiotic modalities. Bone grafting was used in 6 cases where the defects were extensive. Where there was less extensive bone destruction the scaffold was a good adjuvant in new bone formation. Use of antibiotic loaded collagen scaffolds is a reliable and effective means of local antibiotic delivery system combining both the new bone formation capacity of the scaffold to hold osteoblasts with the ability to deliver high doses of antibiotic in the local tissue environment and thus avoiding the systemic toxicity.

Abstract: A highly osteogenic hybrid bioabsorbable scaffold was developed for bone reconstruction. Though the use of a bioabsorbable collagen and chitosan scaffold for loading velvet antler polypeptide to repair bone defect and drug treatment. Velvet antler polypeptide and collagen were extracted for developing the compounded material. The SEM results show that the collagen and chitosan scaffold maintain the natural three dimensional network structures. The cell proliferation experiment result show that the can promote the osteoblast proliferation for a long time . These results indicated that this compound scaffold can sustainable to release drug and is a good material in bone defect and drug treatment.

Abstract: Among the bone graft biomaterials, calcium sulfate (CS) is a kind of resorbable calcium salt which is the earliest inorganic material used as a bone graft. Although it is well biocompatible, the dissolution rate is always too fast which cannot stay long enough to support bone regeneration effectively. Recently, a new type ceramic CS developed by AG Digital Co. LTD. has the far better improvement in dissolving rate and strength. The purpose of this study was to testify its performance on osteoprogenitor to ascertain the safety and effect of this new material. In our research, the secreted extracellular matrix protein and calcium mineralization showed different affections: the collagen concentration on ceramic CS was higher than on pure CS dihydrate in both 7 days and 14 day’s samples. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium concentration remained identical before 7 days cultivation, but the activity of ALP and calcium sediment in ceramic CS were statistically higher than in pure CS dihydrate in 14 day’s cultivation. The results implied that the new material, ceramic CS, tend to accelerate the preosteoblast’s secretion of extracellular matrix protein. We found in this study by comparing the well-known CS dihydrate that the new ceramic CS shows benefit to osteoprogenitor cultivation.

Abstract: The aim of this study is to evaluate treatment effects of novel GBR membranes (PDLLA membranes) applied to bony defects around dental implants on new bone regeneration alone or in combination with bioceramic bone graft (BIO-OSS®) on the mongrel dog model in comparison with collagen membrane (BIO-GIDE®) and therefore to assess the clinical values of the novel GBR membranes and bioceramic bone graft material in dental implantology. 6 implants were placed in bilateral mandibular of each mongrel dog after preparation of mid- crestal defects. The defects on one side were covered with PDLLA membranes alone or with bone graft, while the contra-lateral sides received collagen membranes alone or with bone graft. These animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8,12 weeks post the GBR-operation. And gross sample examination, standardized radiographs, 99mTc-MDP SPECT and histomorphometric analysis were taken. All examinations showed similar amounts of newly formed bone beneath both types of barriers. The PDLLA or collagen membrane with bone graft groups showed better results than the membrane used alone groups. The results indicated that PDLLA membranes especially with bioceramic bone graft presented an improved response in dealing with bony defects around implants.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of repairing massive bone defect with in vivo tissue engineering(TE) bone, and to provide experimental evidence for the application of in vivo TE bone into clinic in the future. Six calcium phosphate ceramics (Ca-P ceramics) columns were prepared, and then immersed in dynamic revised simulated body fluid (RSBF). 72 hours later, the bone-like apatite was formed on the surface and pore walls of ceramics. Three dogs were used in this study. Two ceramic columns were implanted bilaterally in the femoral muscles of each dog to construct living bone graft of in vivo TE bone. 6 weeks after implantation, they were transplanted to the box-like bone defects sites created in bilateral mandible of the same animals. The dogs were sacrificed at 8, 12 week after operation respectively. Samples were harvested for gross observation, X-ray examination, tetracycline fluorescence labeling, SPECT and histological observation. These results demonstrated that as a living bone graft, in vivo TE bone participated in the bone metabolism of host, and integrated with the host bone. It is feasible to reconstruct box-like bone defect of mandible with the in vivo TE bone.