Papers by Keyword: Building Material

Abstract: Non-traditional colour solutions used by designers in the design of building exteriors and interiors are driving a rapid increase in demand for locally produced decorative building materials. The modern pigments market offers a wide range of products, but not all of them satisfy consumer requirements, particularly regarding colour range. Inorganic pigments are characterised by high resistance to light and weather conditions, but organic pigments provide the greatest variety and brightness. Due to the significant rise in energy costs, which in turn has increased the price of Portland cement, more attention in Ukraine is being given to the research and application of magnesia-based binders. One of the advantages of these binders is that they require significantly less energy for production compared to lime and Portland cement.

Abstract: In the 18th century, hydraulic-based binders gradually supplanted air-hardening binders, and by the early 20th century, these were eventually replaced by cement. The distinction between binders categorized as natural and other hydraulic binders, such as natural cement and conventional cement, is that the former is characterized by raw materials with a naturally favorable mineralogical composition. This study examined the experimental possibilities of natural hydraulic binder production with marl resources commonly found in Turkey. Two raw materials quarried from Mersin (M) and Adana (A) were selected. These raw materials were calcined at temperatures of 750-850-950-1050 °C. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates that while the binders produced with M-coded raw materials contain varying amounts of the hydraulic phases larnite (C₂S and C₃S), the A-coded binders exhibit an absence of these critical hydraulic phases, which are essential for strength development in hydraulic binder paste. The increase in the strength of A-coded binders is thought to be due to the formation of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) phases, which result from the reaction between water, clay minerals (SiO₂, Al₂O₃, and Fe₂O₃), and hydrated lime (portlandite, Ca (OH)₂).

Abstract: The study evaluates the method for determination of the rational technical and economic indicators, namely the rational composition and flexural strength, of building materials containing ash-and-slag obtained from heat-and-electric power plant as waste from the combustion of masute and coal. Results of method application were obtained. The study is aimed on reduction of the negative technogenic impact on the lithosphere by developing an appropriate environmental protection technology for utilization of the mentioned above waste as a replacement of sand in building materials made of cement-sand mixture. The rational composition of the building materials containing ash-and-slag waste granules was selected basing on the results of two stages of experimental research – mechanical bending tests of straight two-support beams on a rupture machine. It was proposed to provide a complex index for assessment of the efficiency of ash-and-slag waste disposal in the building materials, which refers to relation of the strength limit to the density of the material per unit value. The results of calculation of the index magnitudes were obtained.

Abstract: A filled two-component polymer cold curingsystem (FTCPS) is discussed in the article. To assess its corrosion resistance and durability, the indexes of reagent resistance were determined in accordance with the sorption method. What is optimal, since this value depends on the parameters of mass transfer, the intensity of the reaction, the size of the product, the duration of exposure to aggressive media and other factors. As aggressive media were taken: water, 5% hydrochloric acid solution, 25% aqueous ammonia solution, 10% sodium hydroxide solution, saturated sodium chloride solution. The exposure time was 360 days. Reagent resistance evaluation of the developed FTCPScompositionswas carried out on the basis of guidelines for determining the anticorrosive properties of protective coatings of concrete and laboratory test methods. Changes in the mass of the samples and their reagent resistance as a result of exposure to chemical reagents simulating an aggressive environment during operation were evaluated. The change in the index of reagent resistance in laboratory conditions did not go beyond the value of 0.80, which makes it possible to ensure reliable protection and operation of polymer-coated products under conditions of exposure to these aggressive environments.

Abstract: Current global environmental challenges and, above all, global warming associated with a change in the carbon balance in the atmosphere has led to the need for urgent and rapid search for ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere, which primarily include carbon dioxide as a by-product of human activity and technological progress. One of these ways is the creation of industries with a complete cycle of turnover of carbon dioxide. Aluminum is the most sought-after nonferrous metal in the world, but its production is not environmentally safe, so it constantly requires the development of knowledge-intensive technologies to improve the technological process of cleaning and disposal of production waste, primarily harmful emissions into the atmosphere. Another environmental problem related to aluminum production is the formation and accumulation in mud lagoon of huge amounts of so-called highly alkaline "red mud," which is a waste product of natural bauxite raw material processing into alumina - the feedstock for aluminum production. Commonly known resources and technological methods of neutralizing red mud and working with it as ore materials for further extraction of useful components are still not used because of their low productivity and cost-effectiveness. This article describes the negative impact of waste in the form of "red" mud and carbon dioxide of primary aluminum production on the environment. The results showed that thanks to carbonization of red mud using carbon dioxide, it is possible to achieve rapid curing and its compact formation for safer transportation and storage until further use. Strength tests of concrete samples filled with deactivated red mud were also carried out, which showed the prospects of using concrete with magnesia binder.

Abstract: In recent years, solid waste of the production of mineral fertilizers, phosphogypsum, has been of great scientific and practical interest in construction. The results of scientific research and practical experience in many countries have convincingly proved the technical feasibility and feasibility of using phosphogypsum. The problems of reducing impurities of phosphorus and fluorine in the manufacture of building materials from phosphogypsum are considered. Comparative experimental studies of the presence of phosphorus impurities for the initial phosphogypsum of the Dnieper Mineral Fertilizer Plant, calcined phosphogypsum and mixtures of phosphogypsum were carried out. Comparative indicators of the presence of radioactive elements in phosphogypsum are given. It is shown that there are methods for reducing heavy metals in phosphogypsum.

Abstract: Mold together with other microorganisms are belonging to the group of biodeteriogens which is common occurred on both the inner and outer surfaces of building structures. Mentioned study is comparing the generic composition of mold on the surface of board materials (wood and plaster based) with the generic composition of mold trapped air in Central Bohemia. In the air they were identified following species of mold: Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Aureobasidium, Epiccocum, Alternaria, Mucor. The almost identical species of mold was found on board materials. It also investigated the minimal inhibitory concentrations of silver nanoparticles against selected mold (Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Aureobasidium, Epiccocum, Alternaria). The results show that the minimum inhibitory concentration for most of mold is 1.5 g / m2 except Apergillus species, where the minimum inhibitory concentrations have a double value.

Abstract: The global warming is one of the most serious problems. The decrease of CO₂ emissions in our daily life is an important subject today. Recently, an application of water retentive materials as a paving material has attracted a great deal of attention in Japan. This material is effective for reducing heat island phenomenon, which is also a recent problem in many cities in Japan. Water retained in the material during rainfall evaporates when heated by sunshine. The latent heat absorbed by evaporating water works to cool the surroundings. The water retentive ceramic products are expected to be useful for building materials as well as pavements. Several performances are required on the water retentive ceramics when it is used as building materials. Its cost and quality are the important factors. Porous ceramic materials formed by pressing without firing is one of ideal low cost and eco-friendly candidates. The porous ceramics is also expected to be produced from recycled ceramic materials. By optimizing its composition and forming method, a water retentive material with high performance was developed. The trial product had the properties as follows; fracture toughness: 1300N, bending strength: 175N/cm, water absorption: larger than 30%, and precision in size (length): +-0.5mm for 150mm. The product showed also enough frost resistance. In this paper, the fundamental properties of the porous ceramics prepared without firing are discussed with referring to the results of the field experiments.Another subject recently studied by several tile manufactures in Japan is the glazed tile with high solar reflectance. The exterior walls covered with such a high solar reflectance tile keeps the surface temperature of the wall lower under the strong sunshine of summer. It is effective against heat-island phenomenon. In this paper, the outline of the research results on visible and infrared reflectance of many kinds of glazes is also discussed.

Abstract: Three of Light Foamed Concrete (LFC) have been obtain by using different formula of Cement:Aggregates. The brick was locate into a closed Perspex box and the net of 222Rn concentration level have been measured for 5 consecutive days. The results show the LFC 3 has produced the lowest of net 222Rn concentration level in air, followed by LFC 2 and LFC 1, respectively. The result also show the 222Rn concentration level have been influenced by the temperature and relative humidity in air.

Abstract: The paper deals with the comparative study of bio-corrosion of fibrous cement boards and Portland cement composites. Fibre-cement flat boards are widely used materials in the Slovak Republic for exterior and interior cladding, as fibre-cement slates for roofing and cladding and as fibre-cement corrugated sheets for roofing and cladding. Bio-corrosion of studied materials has been simulated in laboratory conditions during 80 days. Effect of sulphur-oxidizing bacteria Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans on the specimens was investigated. The bio-deterioration processes have been manifested by leaching of main cement components as well as by surface changes. The calcium and silicon contents in leachates were evaluated during the experiments using X – ray fluorescence method (XRF). Concluding the results of the concrete’s biodeteriogens influence on the analyzed samples (fiber boards and cement composites) more extensive leaching of calcium ions from the cement matrix was confirmed as assumed by bacteria influence when compared to the abiotic environment. Mixture of white compounds on the samples surface was identified by SEM microscopy and XRD analysis as sulphate products (ettringite, thaumasite, gypsum). Shift of pH of liquid media to alkaline region up to 7.2 due to alkaline products leaching were noticed for all studied samples.