Papers by Keyword: CO₂ Emission

Abstract: At present, with inside the case of India, weather alternate is an issue of great concern. Energy is a component that determines the country's structure. A worldwide trouble is the imbalance among the usage of electricity and the generation of electricity. All countries presently depend upon fossil fuels for electricity production, and those fossil fuels aren't sustainable sources. Not simplest is greenhouse gas emissions however additionally the worst gasoline economy. Within this subject matter and out of mind, there are some of tactics which have emerged with inside the car industry to deal with this trouble together with Battery Electric Vehicles or extra with inside the industrial scale, Electric Cell Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles. A fuel cell is an equipment that operates using chemical reactions. Fuel cells use reactants, that are innocent to the surroundings and bring water as a manufactured from chemical reactions. Since hydrogen is a clean fuel which can be used in the internal combustion (IC) engine at the place of diesel fuels in transportation sector (Automobiles).Presently it’s the hydrogen is commercially produced by commercial electricity which sotly so the production cost of H2 is high. But it can be produced by solar PV and other low cost centricity production options by which the production cost of H2 can be reduced. The H2 fuel is clean and green and it can help to reduce the environmental pollution and enhance the sustainability.

Abstract: Excessive carbon dioxide emissions are the primary factor causing global warming. Currently, models for controlling carbon dioxide emissions mainly focus on population, economy, and technology. A significant amount of research has been conducted on multivariate linear regression analysis encompassing factors such as population, GDP, and energy consumption. However, the studies examining the impact of green finance on emissions have been limited to qualitative and semi-quantitative levels, lacking in-depth and systematic research. This study establishes a composite model combining the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) model. This composite model is employed to analyze the impact of Hubei provinces’ permanent resident population, GDP, comprehensive energy consumption, and green finance index on carbon dioxide emissions. In the ELM model, the impact of four variables-population, GDP, comprehensive energy consumption, and green finance index-on carbon dioxide emissions is investigated. Using data from 2002 to 2019, the ARIMA model is applied to predict these four variables after differencing. The ELM model's prediction of carbon dioxide emissions has a very small relative error compared to actual results. The composite mode- ELM-ARIMA model is used to analyze the province's carbon dioxide emissions from 2024 to 2030.

Abstract: Natural fibers have garnered considerable attention from researchers and academics alike due to their eco-friendly nature and sustainability. These fibers are being explored for their potential use in polymer composites. The use of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials is rapidly increasing in both industrial and fundamental research applications due to their renewable, low, and biodegradable properties. In order to reduce the CO₂ emissions, the building energy consumption and preserve the natural sand. The present study involved conducting an analysis of the results obtained from the experimental investigation where five mixtures of typha fiber sand, and cement (MHC0, MHC5, MHC10, MHC15 and MHC20)) were utilized to make Typha-concrete. The experimental mixtures being examined and the results indicate that the density of the samples diminishes in proportion to the incorporation of typha fiber, while the thermal conductivity is enhanced. In addition, the characteristics of lightweight structures can be attributed to the generated specimens, which have been determined by their documented compressive strength. Based on the results of RILEM's functional classification analysis, it can be concluded that Typha-concrete meets the mechanical and thermal requirements of construction materials, making it a feasible option for both structural and insulating concrete applications.

Abstract: Peatland fire became a serious problem in Indonesia until nowadays. The most problem of peat fire was caused by converting peatland become plantation area, wherein need canal blocking to adjust water ground as crop planting requirement in peatland. The structure design of this canal blocking should be strong enough to block excessive water level degradation so that can sustain the peatland environment. The current design of canal blocking was used wood as building structure, which has nor water-resistant, therefore, it can be rotten and easy to collapse. Indonesian Rubber Research Institute (IRRI) has already developed novel technology of canal blocking, namely natural rubber composite based water level canal blocking to overcome this problem. This novel technology was used natural rubber composite as material structure, therefore it has higher water-resistant, longer service life, and higher acid resistance than traditional canal blocking. In addition, novel canal blocking has equipped with water level system, which could control the groundwater level were suitable enough for crop planting requirement in peatland. Indeed, novel canal blocking could sustain peatland environment through peatland fire risk reduction, carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission reduction and increase peatland plantation production. This technology has already installed in South Sumatera. Present work would be detailed review structure strength novel canal blocking, environment and economic impact on its application. The application result had determined successful to reduce CO₂ emissions up to 3,723.38 ton CO₂ /ha during 7 months installation. Furthermore, the production of the intercropping system (palm oil and corn) in peatland within novel canal blocking was increasing the profit wherein the B/C of novel canal blocking application was 1.77, while traditional design canal blocking application was 1.55.

Abstract: This paper presents the lime binding forced carbonate-hardening materials properties formation study and determins the stability of these properties during long-term storage and use under normal conditions. The tests showed these materials stability properties over time, confirming the strength and density growth of the test samples after long storage due to the calcium hydroxide recrystallization completion into calcium carbonate processes. Also, the results of the samples carbonate hardening study under natural conditions during 18 months are presented. An efficiency assessment of forced carbonate hardening as one of the methods of recycling technogenic CO₂ in order to reduce its emissions in the atmosphere, and, in the result, to obtain high-quality construction materials has been made.

Abstract: This paper presents the effect of nanosilica (NS) on compressive strength and microstructure of cement paste containing high volume slag and high volume slag-fly ash blend as partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Results show that high volume slag (HVS) cement paste containing 60% slag exhibited about 4% higher compressive strength than control cement paste, while the HVS cement paste containing 70% slag maintained the similar compressive strength to control cement paste. However, about 9% and 37% reduction in compressive strength in HVS cement pastes is observed due to use of 80% and 90% slag, respectively. The high volume slag-fly ash (HVSFA) cement pastes containing total slag and fly ash content of 60% exhibited about 5%-16% higher compressive strength than control cement paste. However, significant reduction in compressive strength is observed in higher slag-fly ash blends with increasing in fly ash contents. Results also show that the addition of 1-4% NS improves the compressive strength of HVS cement paste containing 70% slag by about 9-24%. However, at higher slag contents of 80% and 90% this improvement is even higher e.g. 11-29% and 17-41%, respectively. The NS addition also improves the compressive strength by about 1-59% and 5-21% in high volume slag-fly ash cement pastes containing 21% fly ash+49%slag and 24% fly ash+56%slag, respectively. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results confirm the reduction of calcium hydroxide (CH) in HVS/HVSFA pastes containing NS indicating the formation of additional calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) gels in the system. By combining slag, fly ash and NS in high volumes e.g. 70-80%, the carbon footprint of cement paste is reduced by 66-76% while maintains the similar compressive strength of control cement paste. Keywords: high volume slag, nanosilica, compressive strength, TGA, high volume slag-fly ash blend, CO₂ emission.

Abstract: Architecture and building industry have been made diversified efforts to create a construction environment that promotes resource recycling. Many studies have been done to better understand and reduce energy consumption and CO₂ emissions throughout a building’s lifecycle. However, to promote sustainable development and a construction environment that facilitates resource recycling, more understanding and research is needed on energy consumption and CO₂ emissions during the stage of dismantling a building. Noting that, this research investigates CO₂ emissions in a building’s End-Of-Life (EOL) phase that includes dismantling of a building, transport and disposal of the waste generated in the course of dismantling residential buildings in Korea. According to the results of this study, CO₂ emissions in a building’s EOL phase was 3,561kg CO₂/100m² for apartments, 3,184 kgCO₂/100m² for brick houses and 1,137 kg CO₂/100m² for wooden houses. The results showed that transport and disposal process of demolition waste accounts for 90% of all CO₂ emissions in a building’s EOL phase. From this finding, it is necessary to have a proper, effective strategy for transport and disposal of demolition waste from dismantled buildings’ in order to reduce CO₂ emissions during a building’s EOL phase.

Abstract: Concrete industry is the main contributor of CO₂ emission, and abundant studies were done for evaluating life cycle CO₂ during production stage, construction stage, and use stage. The uptake of CO₂ due to carbonation in service life is not detailed considered. Furthermore, the uptake of CO₂ in demolition stage and the influences of structural element types on CO₂ uptake performance are also not detailed considered. To overcome the weak points of current study, this paper proposed a numerical procedure about life cycle assessment of CO₂ emission of concrete considering carbonation and structural element types. The CO₂ emission and uptake in production stage, construction stage, use stage, and demolition stage are calculated. The influences of structural element types, shapes, and sizes on CO₂ uptake performance are clarified. For concrete structures with different structural types, such as frame structures and shear-wall structures, the relative ratios for different structural element are different, hence the CO₂ uptake ability are also different.

Abstract: The energy efficiency minimum requirements determined at the Decree 2006/7 by the Minister without Portfolio, has been amended in 2015, only prescribes cost optimisation levels corresponding in strictness to those by the European Union as set out in the Directive 2010/631 EU for state or EU founded renovations. With the artificial decrease in energy prices in Hungary in 2012, requirements originally considered as optimal has changed and tightening is not needed any more. By maintaining the old requirements, the energy consumption and CO2 emission of renovated and newly constructed buildings will stay below optimum levels. Ignoring actual energy prices results in an apparently low return on constructing energy efficient buildings while energy awareness is also decreasing as a result of these measures. One may wonder about the energy efficiency measures that could have been financed from the savings coming from the enforced utility cost reduction, ones that would have resulted in real energy savings, thus benefitting both the users of buildings and the implementation of Hungarian commitments with the deadline of 2020.

Abstract: An upgrade product design method is one of the efficient design methods for reducing environmental loads caused by mass production, consumption, and disposal. This method seeks to design a product that can adapt to future required performance and functions via component upgrade by exchanging components in the early phase of design. Because considerations of future product performance and functions include uncertain design information, an accurate prediction is very difficult. Therefore, this study defines uncertain design information as ranged sets, and applies a preference set-based design method that can correspondingly obtain ranged sets of design solutions. In previous studies, proposed methods were focused on product performance enhancement without quantitative consideration of environmental loads. Hence, this study proposes an upgrade product design method that can address the enhancement of product performance, while concurrently reducing production cost and environmental load, which is herein strictly defined as the amount of CO₂ emission. Finally, our proposed upgrade product design method is applied to a laptop PC design problem to demonstrate its utility.