Papers by Keyword: CO₂ Emission

Abstract: Low-carbon community (LCC) has recently attracted attention of many researchers and tackled the government attention from various countries, which ones may give different interpretations on the concept. Thus, awareness of low carbon behavior among residents should be accurately measured. But first, residents’ need to have a thorough understanding of what is the real definition of low-carbon awareness and behavior. This paper proposed an analysisof low-carbon awareness and low-carbon behavior concepts. We first divide the types of residents’ low-carbon main concepts into two categories; low carbon awareness and low carbon behavior through which the components to each category are identified. Then we provide a systematic comparison of allthree most frequently mentioned components in low-carbon awareness including low-carbon value, low-carbon attitude, low-carbon knowledge and finallyabout low-carbon behavior.The residents’ low-carbon awareness-behavior gap will then beingidentified and discussed.Finally, differences and similarities among the two residents’ concepts have been summarized.

Abstract: The iron & steel industry in China is facing a wide range of problems, such as the ill-structured energy utilization and the long production cycle, lead to the high-level of CO₂ emission discharge and severely hinder the development of this industry. Based on the current situations of CO₂ emission and its regulations in China’s iron & steel industry, this paper identified the underlying causes of difficulties in CO₂ discharge reduction as the lack of effective management system and reduction techniques. To explore a feasible strategy and approach for controlling CO₂ emission in the iron & steel industry, this paper puts forward suggestions in the aspect of management, techniques and researches.

Abstract: With the use of data from Shandong province for 1995-2012 and cointegration method, the author carried out an empirical analysis on impacts of foreign direct investment and trade openness on carbon emission intensity in Shandong province, it was found that FDI had an inhibitory effect on carbon emission intensity, while foreign trade openness had a promoting effect on carbon emission intensity, and the latter’s elastic coefficient was 1.5 times as big as that of the former. The policy recommendations given in the paper were: upgrading of energy consumption access standards for foreign investment; Eliminating backward production capacity of domestic enterprises in a timely manner and preventing domestic enterprises from becoming “pollution heaven”; playing Shandong province’s demonstration and reference value, tapping into economical development potential of the region, as well as establishing and implementing ecological compensation system.

Abstract: This paper examined the effect of the urbanization on CO2 emissions in China, using the semi-parametric panel data model. The results show that an inverted U-shaped relationship exists between urbanization and CO2 emissions in China and further development of urbanization is beneficial in reducing CO2 emissions.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the introduction of valuation criteria of ecology friendliness, energy efficiency, resource conservation, especially in public procurement, and construction of public facilities into the Russian practice. It focuses on the following three issues: where to obtain the money for the development of "green" energy; how to use the evaluation of life-cycle cost in order to measure the economic effect of investment in green building; which legislative initiatives are required for the development of “the federal contract system” and improvement of environmental literacy.

Abstract: Coal mining begins after coalbed methane (CBM) production which reduces CH₄ concentration in coalbeds. However once CH₄ concentration reaches the explosion limit, the threat of explosion accident in the coal mine will be greatly increased. Based on safety production principle, this paper analyses the feasibility of CO₂ injection through CBM wells to control CH₄ concentration and enhance CBM recovery at the same time during CBM production. Safe concentration of CH₄ is determined according to its explosion limit and safety factor. Combined with numerical simulation, a CH₄ concentration control method by CO₂ injection is proposed: firstly the CO₂ injection standard is calculated to ensure CH₄ safe concentration, and then the optimum CO₂ injection rate (14000m³/d) is determined by comparisons between different injection rates. Finally CO₂ emission reduction and recycle methods are proposed to achieve effective environmental protection and high economic efficiency.

Abstract: The housing sector of Malaysia plays a very prominent role in meeting the major requirements of accommodation throughout the country. However, this sector consumes a handsome amount of resources among which the construction materials are a prime resource. Besides the valuable contribution of housing sector, the building materials used make a significant contribution in embodied CO₂ emissions. In order to access the magnitude of CO₂ from housing sector, it is necessary that effect of embodied CO₂ emissions from the materials used in conventional housing construction in Malaysia shall also be studied. This study focuses on the embodied CO₂ emission from the materials used in construction of a typical low cost house which are commonly adopted in Malaysia. The virtual model of selected single storey low cost house was developed using Building Information Modeling (BIM) concept. The results highlighted that bricks (37%), concrete (22%), mild steel (19%), steel rebar (7%) and roof tiles (6%) are the top five materials responsible for CO₂ emissions. The overall contribution of single storey house in terms of embodied CO₂ emissions is observed to be 34 kg-CO₂ / sq. ft. This study has helped to highlight the potential contribution of conventional materials used in typical housing sector of Malaysia.

Abstract: This paper provides a characterization of the electrical energy consumption of agrifood industries located in the central region of Portugal that use refrigeration systems to ensure the food safety. The study is based on the result analysis of survey data and energy characteristics of the participating companies belonging to the following agrifood sectors: meat, dairy, horticultural, distribution and wine. Through the quantification of energy consumption of companies is possible to determine the amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions indexed to its manufacturing process. Comparing the energy and GHGs emissions indexes of companies of a sector and between sectors is possible to create reference levels. With the results of this work is possible to rating the companies in relation to reference levels of energy and GHGs emissions and thus promote the rational use of energy by the application of practice measures for the improvement of the energy efficiency and the reduction of GHGs emissions.

Abstract: Based on Nordhaus’ classic marginal abatement cost form, and the marginal abatement cost curve (MACC) for China calculated by EPPA model, this paper obtains the optimal CO₂ abatement allocation among different provinces in China with a minimum total abatement cost. In order to verify the effectiveness of the allocation scheme, we also consider the allocation program of carbon dioxide emissions reduction in population, GDP, and energy consumption, and the result shows that the optimal allocation we propose is the most cost-effective.

Abstract: This paper estimates the impacts of Beijing Subway on energy consumption and CO₂ emissions. The ASIF methodology is developed to estimate the emissions based upon passenger travel behaviors in Beijing, which is notably different from popular existing approaches that calculate emissions from vehicular population. This methodology enables policy analysts to quantify how different subway development strategies and patterns would affect about CO₂ emissions.