Papers by Keyword: California Bearing Ratio

Abstract: Black cotton soil (BCS) which is an example of expansive soil has present substantial obstacles to engineering projects. The seasonal volumetric changes in this black cotton soil led to swelling and shrinkage, thereby compromising its geotechnical properties and making it unsuitable for engineering project. In this study, black cotton sol was stabilized using various ratios of xl-Terrasoil and xl-Bond to enhance the soil's properties.. Xl-Terrasoil and xl-Bond are chemical product with stabilizing properties and commercially available. Samples of BCS were examined by varying percentages of xl-Terrasoil and xl-Bond to 1, 1.5 2, 5, 6 and 7%, of xl-Terrasoil with 2, 3, 4,10, 12 and 14% of xl-Bond. A variety of geotechnical tests, including the Atterberg limit, compaction, and California bearing ratio tests, were performed to evaluate the enhancement of soil characteristics. The results from the Atterberg limit test indicated a decrease in the liquid limit (LL) and an increase in the plastic limit (PL) when compared to the high values recorded in the control sample. The mix ratio of 7% xl-Terrasoil and 14% xl-Bond produced the highest maximum dry density (MDD) alongside the lowest optimum moisture content (OMC). For the California bearing ratio (CBR), the highest value was observed in the combination of 7% xl-Terrasoil and 14% xl-Bond, which demonstrated a more effective stabilizer mixture in this analysis. Conclusively, the properties of BCS have improved with certain proportions of these admixtures thereby making the soil more stable. Further investigation on the long term of these admixtures on environmental conditions is suggested.

Abstract: Limited land with good soil quality results in infrastructure being built in areas with unfavorable soil characteristics. development. Soil with unfavorable characteristics one of which is swamp land. Swamp soil needs to be stabilized if we want to build buildings on that land, the stabilizing material used can be silica waste or other binding materials. In this test, steel slag, fly ash, and glass bottle powder were used as the main stabilizers, with a fixed percentage of 20% steel slag and 20% fly ash, and glass bottle powder as an independent variable with a percentage of 0%. 5%, 10%, and 15%, and with the aging time of 0, 3, and 7 days. Testing the characteristics of Situ Rawa Arum, Jl. Kp. Tegal Wangi No. 62, Kec. Gerogol City of Cilegon Banten has poor soil carrying capacity with a CBR value of 1%. After stabilization using steel slag, fly ash, and glass bottle powder there was a significant change. The most optimum change in soil carrying capacity occurred in a mixture of 5% glass bottle powder + 20% steel slag + 20% fly ash with a CBR value of 31%.

Abstract: The present research work aims to evaluate the feasibility of reusing raw dredged sediments from the Dam of Fergoug (northwestern Algeria) as an alternative material for road construction. These sediments were added to volcanic tuff from the quarry located near the village of Sidi Ali Cherif, in the town of Sig (northwestern Algeria), with contents of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% by total weight of tuff. To achieve this goal, sediments were extracted from Fergoug dam and an experimental program was carried out to study the possibility of valorizing these sediments to be used in road construction. The soils were subjected to a series of physical and chemical tests. Their physical properties, including the Atterberg limits, specific gravity, grain size distribution, and organic content were determined according to standard methods. Then, their chemical properties, including pH, elementary chemical composition using the X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and mineralogical composition identified by X-ray diffraction, were obtained by means of standard methods. The first experimental results from the tested formulations demonstrated the feasibility of reusing the valorized dredged sediments in road construction. Afterwards, the modified Proctor and I_CBR tests were carried out, and the results obtained turned out to be quite satisfactory.

Abstract: Effect of glass fines and cement as a composite mixture on the geotechnical properties of a poor lateritic soil obtained from a borrow pit at Aroje, Ogbomoso, Nigeria was investigated as a reuse method of managing wasted glass. Glass fines up to 12% at intervals of 4% by mass of the soil sample were added to the lateritic soil stabilized with cement of 0, 2, 4, and 6% by mass of the soil sample. Sieve analysis, Atterberg limit, British Standard (BS) Compaction, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) tests were conducted on the stabilized soil specimens. Results showed that Liquid Limit (LL), Plastic Limit (PL) and Plasticity Index (PI) decreased while compaction and UCS of the lateritic soil increased from 0 to 8% addition of glass fines. The CBR of the soil increased continuously from 0 to 12% glass contents. However, addition of cement increased the LL and PI while it decreased the PL between 0 and 4% but increased beyond this range. The compaction, UCS and CBR of the stabilized soil increased significantly with increasing cement content. Hence, the soil can be stabilized with the addition of 8% glass fines and 6% cement content to be used as improved subgrade material for construction of light trafficked pavement.

Abstract: This paper compares some geotechnical properties of Kaolin, Laterite and Peat. Laterite was collected from Bukit Banang while Peat sample was collected from Parit Nipah, both locations were in Batu Pahat, Johor. Meanwhile, kaolin that was used in this research was manufactured kaolin. These soil samples were subjected to routine laboratory analysis and resulting data were analyzed statistically using a correlation analysis. A laboratory testing program consists of “Basic properties test” to obtain general information on the materials (e.g Natural moisture content, Atterberg Limit, Specific gravity, grain size analysis, chemical composition and pH) and “Geotechnical properties tests” to measure specific properties that characterize soil behaviour for design and constructability assessments (e.g Standard Proctor Test, Unconfined Compressive Strength and CBR).The results showed that the Natural/initial moisture content for laterite, peat and kaolin is 22.54%, 480.61% and 0.22% respectively. Meanwhile Specific gravity for each soil was in the range 1.50-2.79.It was also found that the pH of all soil is acidic which lay in the range of 3.76-5.95.The UCS for the optimally compacted sample of laterite is 445.77 kPa, kaolin is 199.23 kPa and for peat is 58.70 kPa. This paper summarizes the result of analysis performed on all tests conducted. Based on the results, the geotechnical property of the soil is a highly dependent with the type of soil and therefore, determining the soil characterization and the soil strength should be considered during the planning phase of any earthwork construction operation.

Abstract: In general, clayey soil was used as material embankment for increasing road way level before road structure being constructed. Some types of clay are expansive soil, its have been contributing to pavement failures and subsequently causing increased annual maintenance expenditure of the road. The pavements design/redesign methods are found to be the primary cause of these failures. Thus, it is quite important to propose the Kuantan clay engineering properties chart for design criteria that can improve the embankment performance. Thus, it is quite important to investigate the Kuantan clay properties so that can improve the embankment performance. This paper was evaluated and utilized of the engineering properties of Kuantan Clayey as material embankment for roadway. The research were conducted soil engineering properties, standard compaction, four days soaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test to ten clayey samples from various sites in Kuantan. The 4 days soaked CBR of clayey samples were prepared at optimum water content. The chemical element was investigated by Integrated Electron Microscope and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and linear regression analysis were used to anlyzing relation among engineering properties variables.

Abstract: Dredging is necessary to keep rivers, harbors and lakes function normally. These dredged materials (DM) have poor geotechnical properties and are normally treated as wastes. Thus, utilization of DM for beneficial uses such as fill is being considered as an environmental-friendly and economical option. In this study a dredged material taken from Tai-hu Lake was modified by adding quicklime and by Portland cement. Water content, dry density, plasticity, and California bearing ratio (CBR) of the two types of modified soil were determined and compared. Test results show that both quicklime and cement can evidently decrease the water content and increase dry density, but the former can get better effect relatively. On the other hand, both quicklime and cement can significantly decrease the plasticity characteristics, and change the raw DM classified as CH to MH after modified, moreover, the cement has better effect on the improvement of plasticity. For the same additive content and curing days, the cement modified soil has larger CBR strength than that of the quicklime modified soil. Conclusions of the paper maybe beneficial and useful for the solidification material choose, and for practical dredged material solidification projects.