Papers by Keyword: Carbon Material

Abstract: Protein gel of soy was formed immediately during polymerization of aniline initiated by certain amount of FeCl₃. In order to obtain iron-doped carbon material, this composite was then carbonized at 700°C under nitrogen atmosphere for 5h. SEM, FT-IR, XRD, and isothermal desorption/adsorption technologies were employed to characterize morphology and structure of the material. Electrical capacitance of iron-doped carbon materials and performance of a prototype supercapacitor based on the material as its electrodes were measured by cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, and A.C. impedance respectively. Results show that morphology of as-obtained material is porous and hierachical, specific surface area of the material is 232.1m²/g, and specific capacitance of the material can reach 475.2F/g in 6 M KOH aqueous solution. Energy density and power density of the cell is 2.1Wh/kg and 2.0kW/kg, respectively. Capacity retention of the device is 100% after 5000 cycles at a current density of 2A/g. The above studies imply that this original iron-doped carbon material will have a good potential application in field of energy storage.

Abstract: Aluminum alloy die casting products are used for automotive LED lamp installation parts. The high aspect ratio shape used for large-volume heat problems needs thin rib parts. In the present study, we obtained basic data for the development of long axis type end mill tools for electrical discharge machining carbon material processing. At the same time, to evaluate the prototype development work, a special tool that enables high aspect ratio thin rib geometry processing was used. Longitudinal direction traverse cutting was done with a small diameter ball end mill tool in the carbon material for electrical discharge machining mold. The transfer accuracy and pick feed shape in the finished surface, the cutting resistance force, and the cutting edge shapes were examined to clarify the relationship between the cutting conditions set. Prototype development of the small-diameter end mill tool with a high rigidity, long axis was done using FEM numerical analysis method. The results showed that the small-diameter ball end mill tool with a tapered length axis in the prototype development had transfer accuracy of the cutting edge shape, and it was possible to reduce the finished surface roughness. Factors such as differences in tool shape are considered to greatly affect the tool rigidity.

Abstract: Resin D301 was surface-carbonized to obtain the surface charring materials (CD301). Using redox initiating system constituted by the amino groups of CD301 particles and persulfate in the solution, the poly (sodium styrene sulfonate) (PSSS) was grafted onto the surface of CD301, obtaining the grafted material PSSS-g-CD301, and the degree of grafting can reach 17.7% under suitable conditions. PSSS-g-CD301 was characterized by infrared spectrum (FTIR), and the degree of grafting was measured by gravimetric method. The adsorption character of PSSS-g-CD301 towards Al³⁺, Fe³⁺ and Cu²⁺ were mainly examined and investigated. PSSS-g-CD301 possesses strong adsorption ability towards Al³⁺, Fe³⁺and Cu²⁺. The adsorption capacity can get up to 13.285mg·g^-1, 14.864mg·g^-1, and 15.10mg·g^-1, respectively. The data of isothermal adsorption matched well with Langmuir equation. The adsorption capacity increased with the increase of temperature and the value of pH. The adsorption capacity of PSSS-g-CD301 towards Fe³⁺ changed little after use them six times.

Abstract: The outstanding properties of Pd-base catalysts make is attractive for applications in various field, such as hydrogen storage, catalysis, fuel cell, chemical sensing and so forth. Therefore, research studies have been carried out on its preparation and characterization. Commonly, the Pd must be deposited on support materials with a large surface area to provide high metal dispersion and a high electrical conductivity to facilitate electron transfer, which carbon materials. The purpose of this study is to investigate not only synthesis of various carbon materials(graphene, carbon nanotube(CNT), active carbon, carbon black) supported Pd but also the confirmation of the properties. The characterization of Pd catalysts composites was performed by X-ray diffra ction(XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). According to TEM image, Pd nanoparticles were highly dispersed on surface of graphene

Abstract: The mineralization of soil carbon materials potentially alters carbon release from soil and the atmospheric carbon concentration in engineering. Despite this central role in the decomposition of soil carbon materials, few studies have been conducted on how climate warming affects this carbon emissions and then response in return back. To study this, five soils were incubated in 5, 15, 25 °C for one month. Soil shifted to warming condition slowed down the increasing rate of decomposition causing by higher temperature. Furthermore, raising the soil environment temperature to 25 °C weakened the temperature sensitivity of the decomposition of these carbon materials, and the temperature sensitivity enhanced at lower temperature. This “thermal adaptation” of carbon material would potentially slow down carbon loss which accelerated by climate change technically.

Abstract: PAN microspheres were crosslinked with divinyl benzene (DVB) and styrene (St), and then pre-oxidized under atmospheric pressure, porous carbon microspheres were produced by carbonizing the pretreated microspheres under nitrogen protection. Morphology and structure characterizations of the materials were performed by employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen adsorption test, etc. The results show that the primitive PAN microspheres display flower-like structures, while the carbonized pretreated PAN microspheres exhibit a high porosity as well as specific surface area and have a good adsorption of methylene blue (MeB) dye.

Abstract: Caragana is an abundant plant as the feedstock of biomass energy in China. In this study, pyrolysis of Caragana in the presence of high temperature medium and characterization of products has been carried out. Evaluation of experimental results showed that faster devolatilization and char with increased surface area obtained in the presence of high temperature steam comparing to N₂. Analysis of the obtained liquid revealed that the H/C and O/C ratios in the liquid are 1.5 and 0.16 respectively. Further more gas composition during high temperature steam pyrolysis differs from gas composition derived from N₂ pyrolysis which indicates interaction of steam with vapors and solid species even at low treatment temperatures. The derived products’ yields and characteristics indicate possible exploitation of derived char as activate carbon precursor. Liquid fraction composition makes it suitable for exploitation as liquid fuel and/or chemical feedstock.

Abstract: In this study, papercut-like carbon sheets with an average size of about 20 nm in thickness have been successfully synthesized by the pyrolysis of tetrachloromethane and calcium carbide in an autoclave in 600 °C in the existence of alloy (Fe-Co-Ni). The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) reveals amorphous carbon nature of the as-prepared sample. The thermal stability of the as-prepared sample was also studied.

Abstract: Using solvents extraction separation system of self-designed make superior coal tar pitches for carbon materials. In proper order choose petroleum ether, methanol and carbon disulfide to cut coal tar into several fractions under different condition. The first solvent can take light components out from coal tar. Then drag out those chemical that contain heteroatom such as nitrogen, sulfide applying the second solvent. The last is to dig out higher molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon from coal tar deeply. Heavy fractions are vacuumed to drive out any solvents. The superior chirpy coal tar pitches for carbon materials acquired.

Abstract: This article chose three different types of carbon materials as objects, through analyzing the various factors influencing the thermal conductivity; we were to raise the basic mathematical model between the thermal conductivity and graphitization degree. At the same time the correct value in some articles was chosen to establish the corresponding mathematical model of three kinds of carbon materials. After inspection by test results, This model’s relative error was within 7%.The model brought up by this paper has the vital significance to predict the thermal conductivity of the carbon materials and guide the deep application research.