Papers by Keyword: Carbon Source

Abstract: Ultrasonic-disintegrated sludge supernatant was supplemented into A²O system to assess the effects on nutrient removal performances and microbial community changes. In this experiment, easily biodegradable organics accounted for 50.6% of sludge supernatant, indicating its potential for biological nutrient removal. Simultaneously, during two-month operational period, the ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) and total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiencies improved to 92.3% and 93.5% from75.6% and 53.4%. Duo to the application of sludge supernatant, two microbial phyla, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, were primarily responsible for the biological nutrient removal. In particular, the sludge supernatant was selective for ammonia oxidizing bacteria Comamonas sp. and denitrifying phosphate accumulating organisms Sphingobacterium.

Abstract: Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), such as estrone (E1), estrodiol (E2), estriol (E3), 17α-Ethynylestradiol (EE2) and bisphenol A (BPA) were biodegraded by Pseudomonas Putida. Under the fixed conditions of inoculums size and substrate concentration, the influences of enhanced conditions, such as carbon source, nitrogen source and ultrasonic power, had been investigated. The biodegradation rates of EDCs have increased by 16.98-40.15% and 18.37-24.86% after adding carbon source and nitrogen source, respectively. Ultrasonic power can improve the biodegradation rate by 14.09-24.66%. Meanwhile, the biodegradation rate could be up to about 90% under the external conditions. The study provided a basis for the enhance control of EDCs and other contaminants.

Abstract: Dual-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were established to study the effect of seed sludge, carbon sources, buffering solution and stirring on power generation performance. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) technologies were used to investigate the spatial distribution characteristics of bacterial community. The results showed that the MFC feeding with lactic acid obtained 0.57V of electromotive force, and 1.57 W/m³ of volumetric power density. It reached 0.62V and 2.07 W/m³ when the carbon source was changed to acetic acid. Compared with anaerobic sludge, aerobic sludge had higher maximum voltage and longer high voltage duration. The stirring and the adding buffer solution improved electricity generation. SEM and DGGE profiles indicated that a large number of bacilli were tightly bound to the anode surface. Microbial community structure on the membrane surface was more similar to suspended sludge than sediment and seed sludge. In conclusion, MFCs perform better with incubating aerobic sludge, feeding acetic acid, adding PBS buffer (50mmol/L) and stirring.

Abstract: The sequestration of forest, farmland, and Green garden carbon inJiangmen City during 2004 to 2010 has been estimated. The biggest carbon sink in 2010 is the forest, with an annual carbon sequestration of ; next is the farmland, with an annual carbon sequestration of . The C uptaken by these two types of carbon sinks accounts for 95% of all the carbon sinks in Jiangmen City. Potentials for the increase of carbon sinks are then discussed. To popularize growing green manure during winter may increase carbon sequestration at about every year. If all the newly established open forests in the whole City in 2010 are fenced for forest conservation, an annual carbon sequestration of may be expected to increase in two years. If the per mu yield of crops below the average of Guangdong Province in 2010 are increased to the average, an annual carbon sequestration of may increase.

Abstract: The effects of external Carbon-source (both type and C/N ratio) on heterotrophic denitrification were evaluated. Glucose, methanol and ethanol were chose as the C-sources, and the optimal C/N ratio of ethanol was decided as 2 while that of glucose and methanol is 6.5 and 2.5 respectively. Compared with methanol and glucose, ethanol is more efficiency, its average denitrifying rate was 1.2483 mg/g•h.This template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text.

Abstract: In order to have an insight into the reaction between acid rain and carbonate rock surface, and figure out the CO₂ carbonate source amount from the acid rain chemical weathering process of the carbonate rocks, two typical carbonate rock areas Guilin (represents limestone area) and Liuzhou (represents dolomite area) were chosen as the study areas in Guangxi. According to the dissolution rate calculated by the limestone test piece and GIS analysis, the CO₂ source produced by the acid rain was 41.066×10⁸g/a, in which Guilin was 33.349×108g/a and Liuzhou was 7.717×10⁸g/a. The carbon sources of unit area in Guilin and in Liuzhou were 66.967×10⁵g/a•km2 and 42.777×10⁵g/a•km2 respectively. Although the carbon sources were still less than their carbon sinks in Guilin and Liuzhou which were 273.891×105g/a•km2 and 43.660×105g/a•km2 respectively, they should not be neglected. There were two reasons that the degassing rate of carbon source in Guilin was slower than that in Liuzhou. One was the representative area of carbonate rock in Guilin were 2.77 times of that in Liuzhou, the other one was that the total intensity of acid rain of Guilin was lower than Liuzhou, so that the dissolution rate of the carbonate rocks was lower in Guilin.

Abstract: The effect of reduction characteristics of microbe dissimilating of Fe(III) under different activated sludge, carbon source and anoxic/anaerobic condition was studied by activated sludge as inoculum under laboratory condition. The results showed that the maximum accumulation of Fe(Ⅱ) and the reduction rate of Fe(III) inoculated by biological iron mud were higher than that inoculated by conventional activated sludge. The reduction characteristics of Fe(III) was better in nutrient solution as carbon source than that in sewage as carbon source when inoculated biological iron mud. But the reduction characteristics of Fe(III) was better in sewage as carbon source than that in nutrient solution as carbon source when inoculated conventional activated sludge. From the whole test, the reduction characteristics of dissimilating Fe(III) microbe under anaerobic condition were better than that under anoxic condition.

Abstract: Leachate from coal mine waste is a serious environment problem, which has been considered as the major pollution problem associated with coal mining activities owing to high concentrations of sulfate, iron and other heavy metals. Biological treatment by sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) has been considered as one promising alternative method for the treatment of acid leachate from coal mine waste. The treatment is based on the metabolism of SRB with organic carbon as electron donor and sulfate as electron acceptor, and the process can remove heavy metals as sulfide precipitates. In this study, ethanol was investigated as carbon source required for SRB to treat coal mine waste leachate by batch experiment. Inoculation of coal mine waste in batch reactors with SRB resulted in the efficient neutralization and high removal of sulphate (84.3%) and iron (97.2%). The result showed that the removal of sulfate and iron by inoculating coal mine waste pile with SRB could be a potential alternative to traditional treatment of coal mine waste.

Abstract: Two kinds of carbon sources and their mixtures with different proportions were employed to prepare the LiFePO4/C composite material by high temperature solid state method. Precursor materials with different carbon sources were prepared by planetary ball-milling without dispersant. Results showed that the various precursors had different effect on the uniformity of the mixing and the crystallinity of the LiFePO4/C positive material. The mixed carbon sources had better effects on the performance of positive material. When the ratio of sucrose and citric acid was 1:3 (75% citric acid), the discharge capacity of LiFePO4/C composite material was 144.1 mAh/g at the discharge rate of 0.2C. Its high-rate performance was also better.

Abstract: A halotolerant and highly effective phenol-degrading strain, named as JDD1H, was isolated from soil contaminated by petroleum and identified as Rhodococcus sp. Phenol degradation by strain JDD1H in the presence of high salinity, especially the effect of exotic stimulants such as carbon source, nitrogen source and surfactant on phenol degradation was investigated. The results show that strain JDD1H could utilize phenol as sole carbon and energy source to grow in the presence of 5% NaCl with 16 h adaptive phase. The degradation efficiency of 150 mg/L phenol was up to 99.5% within 40 h. Lactose, cane sugar, glucose and mannitol in wide range of 100~2000 mg/L enhanced phenol degradation significantly. Organic nitrogen sources, as peptone and yeast extract, and inorganic nitrogen sources, as NH4Cl and (NH4)2SO4, accelerated phenol degradation. Tween-80 with concentration of 50-1000 mg/L restrained phenol degradation and Tween-80 of 1500-2000 mg/L could promote degradation.