Papers by Keyword: Cell Viability

Abstract: Due to the super-linear growth of the number of particle (especially, proton) therapy centers in 2010–2018, many researchers forecasted the number of patients treated by proton therapy to reach 500–550 thousand before 2026. However, the real farther overall spread of hadron therapy was much slower due to its high cost, very high research intensity, and very high requirements for medical and engineering staff, so that by the end of 2026 the number of patients will reach only 410–415 thousand, clearly tending to saturation with an ever decreasing share of ion therapy and showing that the increase of the biological efficacy and safety of proton and especially heavy ion therapy is it is an urgent need of today’s time. The most promising and experimentally substantiated concept of the whole body and the highly localized combination cancer therapy was developed and tested by Japanese and Georgian researchers in 2015–2020, which clearly demonstrated the high efficiency of the highly localized multicomponent combined therapy of cancer. This paper reports in vitro and in vivo data on the relative anticancer efficacy and acute toxicity of the 50 various multicomponent nanoparticle containing anticancer combinations in comparison to the widely used anticancer drugs gemcitabine, carboplatin, cisplatin and paclitaxel systematically applied against the Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), clearly showing that the newly developed combinations can be several times more efficient and have a several times less toxicity than the usually applied anticancer drugs. The obtained data also provide sufficient reasons to conclude that the significant increase in the effectiveness of combined formulations is caused by the super-additive synergistic interaction of nanoparticles and of the active components of anticancer mixtures. It is especially important that the newly developed “cocktails” reveal a 3 to 10 times increased therapeutic window due to several times increased necrotic and apoptotic activity against the cancer cells in comparison to healthy tissue cells, drastically increasing the therapeutic value of the drugs due to higher efficacy, higher safety and significantly reduced duration and costs of treatment.

Abstract: We used Dielectrophoresis (DEP) to discover healthy cells and estimate the cells activity and viability. In the first experiment, we mixed dead cells with methylene blue solution. We applied voltage of 4V, frequency of 10 kHz and 15 MHz to the electrode [1], and observed the movement of the cells. This experiment proved that DEP could also be used to judge cell’s viability. In the next experiment, we used viable cells and raised water temperature rapidly to apply damage. Temperature of water was fixed at 30 degrees, 40 degrees, 50degrees, 60degrees, and 70 degrees. And we observed the cells movement while changing the frequency. We mixed methylene blue solution with the sample to confirm whether the yeast cells were dead or alive when water temperature was from 50 degrees to 70 degrees. These experiments proved that it was possible to measure the activity of cells by changing the DEP frequency.

Abstract: Cadmium based quantum dots (Cd QDs) is well established and extensively used for various applications, but found limiting usage in bioimaging application, due to its high toxicity and insolubility in aqueous solution. Passivation and/or encapsulation of the Cd QDs with a non-toxic and biocompatible polymer are common practice to overcome the drawback. In our work, CdSe is synthesized as a core and encapsulated with ZnS to produce a hydrophobic colloidal core/shell CdSe/ZnS QD. Then, a biocompatible PEGylated amphiphilic polymer as matrices is used to encapsulate CdSe/ZnS QD for converting it into water dispersible property which required for in-vitro imaging applications. The cell viability and cellular uptake of the biocomposite were studied against cancerous and non-cancerous cells. Also, peak of emission spectrum was recorded to determine the photostability of this biocomposites under continuous UV light illumination up to 100 minutes.

Abstract: This paper present the results of (experiments and models) biosynthesized prodigiosin (PG) released from an implantable biomedical device on the viability of cancer cells. The implantable biomedical devices were obtained from poly-di-methyl-siloxane (PDMS) packages with well-controlled micro-channels and drug storage compartments, along with a drug storing polymer core (which contains thermosensitive Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPA)-based gels). The results were compared with drugs elution from devices loaded with paclitaxel^TM. The effects of localized release of PG and paclitaxel (PTx) on cell viability were elucidated via clonogenic assay testing on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. The effects of PG and PTx released were also tested over a range of temperatures (37-45 ̊C) in which localized hyperthermia is applicable. The trends in the results were analysed using statistical models before discussion their implications for localized treatment of breast cancer.

Abstract: In this study, we report the synthesis and characterization studies of amine functionalized CoFe₂O₄ and NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles (NPs). The synthesis process was accomplished by refluxing metal chloride precursors in ethylene glycol in presence of sodium acetate and ethanolamine. The average crystallite sizes of the synthesized particles are found to be in the range of 8-10 nm. The synthesized particles are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) technique, FTIR, Raman and UV-visible spectroscopy for crystal structure, average size, surface area, phase and functional group determination. The surface morphology and elemental composition were studied by Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) respectively. Magnetic behavior upto fields of 3T at room temperature measured in PPMS magnetometer showed the superparamagnetic behavior of these particles. Analysis of cytotoxicity was carried out by examining their effect on cell viability of human peripheral blood lymphocytes so as to assess biocompatibility for various biomedical applications.

Abstract: We investigate the effect of cell culture conditions, using pristine graphene sheets as growth substrate, on the human nerve cell line (SH-SY5Y). In order to evaluate cell viability and morphology, we applied the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and fluorescence microscopy of cells stained with Hochest 33342 and Calcein AM. Human nerve cells exhibited 84% viability on pristine graphene sheets compared with control (cell culture polystyrene) after 3 days culturing. Fluorescence data showed that the presence of graphene did not influence cell morphology. These results suggest that graphene sheets may be used for biological applications.

Abstract: Chitosan and gelatin has attracted considerable interest owing to its advantageous biological properties such as excellent biocompatibility, biodegradation, and non-toxic properties. In this paper, we investigated the potential of chitosan/gelatin (Chi-Gel) nanofibers mat with enhanced cell viability for use as cell culture scaffolds. The surface morphology, mechanical properties, and initial contact angle analysis of Chi-Gel nanofibers mat were evaluated. The proliferation of human dermal fibroblast cell (HDFs) on Chi-Gel nanofibers mat was found to be approximately 20% higher than the pure chitosan nanofibers mat after 7 days of culture. These results suggest that the Chi-Gel nanofibers mat has great potential for use tissue engineering applications.

Abstract: The novel TiO₂/graphene sheet (TiO₂/GSs) nanocomposites were synthesized using graphene oxide sheets and TiCl₃. All target composites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray electron diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectra (EDX), and the surface areas were tested with the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. We studied the cytotoxicity of TiO₂/GSs nanoparticles on A549 cells by examining the influence of TiO₂/GSs on cell morphology and viability by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. We also determined membrane integrity and apoptosis of A549 cells after different doses of TiO₂/GSs exposure by LDH assay and flow cytometry. Assay of A549 cell viability showed regular reductions with a time-and dose-dependent tendency after exposure to pure TiO₂, TiO₂/4.2wt% GSs and TiO₂/6wt% GSs for 24 hrs or 48 hrs. The LDH released and cellular apoptosis also had a dose-dependent effect, which was associated with the surface area of TiO₂/4.2wt% GSs. Our results provide essential knowledge of the acceptable biocompatibility of TiO₂/GSs nanocomposites, and only when cells were exposed at a high concentration (≥50 μg/mL), and for a prolonged period of time did TiO₂/GSs nanoparticles exhibit minimal cytotoxicity against A549 cells.

Abstract: Nanotechnology provides the opportunity for the development of new materials in the nanometer size range with many potential applications in biological sciences and clinical medicine. RD (muscle cancer cell line) was seeded out in 25 cm² plastic tissue culture flasks (NuncWiesbaden Germany) individually, in Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) with Hanks salts, containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 2 mM L-Glutamine along with some nonessential amino acids and were incubated for 24 h for proper attachment to the substratum and kept at a 96 wells plate, incubated at 37°C and 5% CO₂. SEM was employed to the nanoparticles and size of α-Fe₂O₃ and SiO₂ nanoparticles were about 66 nm and 250 nm. Moreover 10-80μg/mL of Hematite (α-Fe₂O₃) and SiO₂ nanoparticles dispersed solution were labeled for each row of 96 wells plate. The present study evaluates the different parameters, e.g. time of incubation, cytotoxicity and cellular viability of the Human Rhabdomyosarcoma cell line (RD) as an experimental model. The viability of cells was determined by means of neutral red assay (NRA) after the cell-exposition to different concentrations of Hematite (α-Fe₂O₃) and SiO₂ nanoparticles into mentioned tumoricidal cells

Abstract: The extensive application of nanoparticles will inevitably lead them to be released into the environment, which causes potential hazard to the ecosystem. This study was to provide the information of the toxicity of CuO ENPs to BY-2 cells in vitro. Tabacco BY-2 cells were exposed to 4 mg/L and 12 mg/L CuO ENPs. Cell viability was evaluated in 0 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 16 h, 20 h and 24 h. The viability of BY-2 cells exposed to CuO ENPs gradually decreased with exposure time and the exposure concentration increasing. After 24 hours exposure to 12 mg/L CuO ENPs, plasmolysis occurred in cells. Some ENPs were absorbed on the cell wall, and only a small number of ENPs entered the cell. Membrane leakage turned up. This might be caused by lipid peroxides, destroying biological membranes.