Papers by Keyword: Chemical Method

Abstract: Graphene oxide (GO) was prepared by two methods; Modified Hummer’s as well as Improved Hummer’s methods. Similarly reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was also prepared by two methods namely chemical and hydrothermal methods. Chemically rGO was prepared using urea and aluminium powder while hydrothermally rGO was prepared using autoclave and hot air oven. The sample obtained were characterized using UV-Visible, FTIR, XRD and Raman spectroscopy. The result of the given samples obtained by the above methods for GO and rGO were compared and analyzed which showed that the hydrothermal route is better due to its simplicity and non-toxicity than chemical route but used for small scale production. These findings highlight the advantages of the hydrothermal method for GO and rGO synthesis, providing valuable insights for future research and development in graphene-based materials.

Abstract: The paper deals with highly stable emulsions. It is concentrated on de-emulsification of crude oil. In the petroleum industry, de-emulsification is an important and urgent task that is typically required for the treatment of crude oil. This work, suggests method using coupling device integrated centrifuge with chemical to strengthen the de-emulsification efficiency. A number of de-emulsification runs were conducted to determine how centrifuge and chemical components affected the effectiveness of de-emulsifying crude oil and the separation of water, Different types of de-emulsifiers the (ethylene glycol, choline chloride and ethyl cellulose), were used with different concentration of de-emulsifiers, de-emulsification time in centrifuge and centrifugal speed. Also studied at the same time. Studies on the de-emulsification of crude oil were conducted at room temperature. As the concentration of de-emulsifiers was increased, crude oil's de-emulsification efficiency rose , centrifuge time and centrifugal speed ,with de-emulsifier type effect on de- emulsification ,which reached maximum (85.9%,84.4% and 74.07%) at rate 4% of ethylene glycol, choline chloride and ethyl cellulose respectively ,at 60 min and 4000 rpm . This method provides higher water separation from crude oil emulsion and quicker method.

Abstract: The preparation of apolymeric membrane by a chemical method was introduced for a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cell. Cobalt oxide (Co₃O₅) was used in the coexistent of two polymers to speed up the reaction process and to obtain the best results. Different tests were implemented along the research to evaluate the new membrane such as X-ray, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The new membrane shown an increment both in the current (I) and the volume of Hydrogen (H₂) at a constant voltage (V).

Abstract: Nanocopper has become one of the research hotspots of metal powder for 3D printing, due to its excellent properties. In this paper, technical methods, process flow and research progress were systematically introduced of nanocopper powder for 3D printing. Preparation of nano-copper powder for 3D printing are mainly physical and chemical methods. Physical methods include atomization method, physical vapor deposition method, grinding method, electric explosion method. Chemical methods include sol-gel method, radiation chemistry, plasma, microemulsion, hydrothermal, liquid reduction and so on. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods were compared in detail, and the future development direction of nano-copper powder for 3D printing was look forward to.

Abstract: Rice straw cellulose a biomass materials, naturally found in abundance. It is low cost, eco-friendly and biodegradable. Alpha cellulose is prepared from rice straw using chemical method namely acid hydrolysis and alkaline treatment. Both of the samples treatments were bleached using sodium chlorite (NaClO₂). Alkaline treatment shows higher in producing alpha cellulose, 20.68% rather than 12.20% by acid hydrolysis.

Abstract: In this work, pure ZnS and Mn doped ZnS nanoparticles are synthesized by simple chemical precipitation method. The structure of pure zinc sulphide and Mn doped zinc sulphide sample are analyzed by X-ray diffraction technique. The morphological structure of zinc sulphide and Mn²⁺ doped zinc sulphide nanoparticles are studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The average particle sizes of pure ZnS nanoparticles are determined to be from 29 nm to 44 nm and Mn doped ZnS nanoparticles are determined to be from 99 nm to 135 nm. The optical properties of pure and Mn doped ZnS nanoparticles have been investigated by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The emission spectrum of Mn²⁺ doped with ZnS particles of the present study shows blue shift of the yellow-orange emission peak at 590 nm. Nanofluids are prepared for six different concentrations by dispersing pure and Mn²⁺ doped ZnS nanoparticles in de-ionized water. Thermal conductivity studies are carried out for both nanofluid systems and the results are discussed.

Abstract: The paper briefly analyzes and systematically summarizes flotation process and chemical treatment method of low-grade oxidized copper ores in recent years. The new high-efficient collectors and system of reagent combined usage are developed widely and have become an important research direction of oxidized copper ores.

Abstract: AgNPs were synthesized by two different methods chemically using sodium citrate as reducing agent, plant mediated by achyranthes aspera as reducing agent. Chitosan (CS) biopolymer is used as a capping agent in order to enhance the stability and dispersibility as well as to remove aggregation. The appearance of surface Plasmon band in the ultraviolet-visible spectra (410-445 nm) is due to the formation of AgNPs in different sizes. Also the data was clarified that the CS molecules coordinate to the surface of nanoAg particles through their head-groups. FTIR spectra were recorded in a Perkin Elmer version 10.03.06, Spectro Photometer. The FTIR analysis suggests that the prepared chitosan silver nanocomposite film consists of an intermediate/or complex of tri-ammonium citrate, chitosan and metal ions. Finally Antibacterial activity of Ag-CS composites indicating that highest antibacterial activity was detected with green film than chemical film.

Abstract: Objective To establish and verify analytical methods of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) detection in heart blood by Chemical Method and Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Method Take 3-5mL of heart blood, placed in 20mL vial, adding 3-5mL of deionized water, 1mL of 2mol/L hydrochloric acid (HCl), stamped seal, and denatured at 60 °C water bath for 30min. Both Chemical Method and GC/MS were used to assay the headspace inside vial. Results These two methods are all detected H₂S in the heart blood of the poisoning death. Conclusion These two methods are rapid, simple, reliable, and of high sensitivity, reproducibility, and suitable for rapid analysis of hydrogen sulfide in forensic and criminal casework.

Abstract: The paper introduces a kind of foaming plaster with main raw material of α- gypsum, which is produced by utilizing the chemical reaction principles H₂O₂ was decomposed. Meanwhile，study the changes of density，flexural strength and compressive strength of plaster material performance with the additives in different ratio. The result showed that water-cement ratio, H₂O₂ foaming agent and water temperature all affect the performance of the foaming plaster.