Papers by Keyword: Chicken

Abstract: The most vulnerable food products related to halal issues are in the form of mixing beef and chicken meat with pork, which has a physical resemblance if not carefully considered. The rise of meat adulteration is often found due to high demand and high prices. For this reason, a fast, effective, and low-cost meat adulteration detection tool is needed. Detection of beef and chicken adulteration in this study was carried out using a VIS-NIR spectrophotometer from an AS7341 multispectral sensor equipped with an LED light source and 11 channels to read the reflection of meat light in the near light and near infrared ranges, raspberry pi as a microcontroller, data displayed on an LCD stored in CSV form. The results of sensor response patterns formed in beef, chicken, pork, mixed beef-pork, and minced chicken-pork mixed meat show different characteristics. Then to clarify the characteristics of each meat, the results of the sensor response were analyzed using the Principle Componen Analysis (PCA) method. The results of data reduction from PCA projections through Principle Component 1 and Principle Component 2 regions are able to detect the presence of pork mixture in beef and chicken. The results of the PCA score plot on beef, pork and cow-pig mixture the percentage of PC1 is 100% and PC2 is 0% while on chicken, pork and chicken-pig mixture the percentage of PC1 is 100% and PC2 is 0%. The results of this study show the great potential of using a portable spectrophotometer using the AS7341 sensor whose results are analyzed using the PCA method to detect adulteration of minced beef and chicken.

Abstract: Used cooking oil is potential as raw material to produce biodiesel. We discovered fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) and methyl esters (FAMEs) as biodiesel content indicator from esterification and trans-esterification reactions of used cooking oil with sulphuric acid and toluene sulphuric acid as catalysts. The purpose of this study was to examine some characteristics of FAEE and FAME synthesis from used cooking oil. The FAEEs and FAMEs were detected by separation in thin layer chromatography (TLC) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and compared to laurate standar. The used cooking oil was produced after frying of meat chicken for seven hours in a household. The Retardation Factor (R_f) of TLC of FAME of methyl laurate was 0.36 and FAEE of ethyl laurate was 0.23. The wavenumber indicating specific functional group of =CH was 3392 cm^-1, while of alcohol as ester compound was 1739.79 cm^-1. The wavenumber of C-C and CO groups were 1635.64 cm^-1 and 1165 cm^-1, respectively. These indicate the ester group in used cooking oil, which reflects the formation of bio-diesel.

Abstract: Chemosensor of coumarin-chalcone (2) derivative has been synthesized and tested for chicken spoilage indicator. The compound (2) was synthesized from the reaction of 3-acetyl-2H-chromen-one (1) and vanillin with reflux and ultrasonic irradiation methods. The compound (2) exhibited quick and obvious color in sensor label for amines from yellow to dark yellow. Application to detect spoiled chicken showed that color of compound (2) changed at 12 h and 6 d in room and chiller temperature respectively. Thus, compound (2) can be used efficiently for decayed chicken detection.

Abstract: To detect the freshness of chicken quickly and accurately with non-destructive, in this paper, the gas-sensitive sensor array has been optimized according to the odor of chicken and the sensor experiment. gas sensors combinations of TGS2600 TGS2610 TGS2611 TGS2620 and TGS2442 were selected and combined to establish new sensor array,The outcome of biological olfactory research has been used to design a bionic gas collection chamber. We have also adopted RBF neural network as a pattern recognition method. The fact that the accuracy of chicken freshness detection using the system is physically and chemically proved to be 96% demonstrates the feasibility of making use of artificial olfactory system to detect chicken freshness.

Abstract: The F2 chicken population from China Agricultural University was selected to explore the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphism of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and fatness traits. The primers of FAS gene were designed according to the sequence of chicken fatty acid synthase gene (accession number: J02839). The PCR-SSCP was used for genotype analysis. The results showed that the insertion or deletion of the 41st intron (1418-1424 bp) in chicken FAS gene could result in AA, AB and BB genotypes. In addition, least square analysis revealed that the deletion or mutation insertion of the 41st intron (1418-1424 bp) in FAS gene could affect body weights, abdominal fat weights and abdominal fat ratios of chickens. Therefore, polymorphic loci can be used for marker-assisted selection breeding of chickens.

Abstract: Lipoprotein Lipase plays an important role in adipose functioning signal transduction and it may have direct effects on the deposition of adipose tissues and the body weight ,the Lipoprotein Lipase ( LPL) gene ,therefore ,can be considered as a candidate gene in the study of fat deposition of the chicken. The function of LPL gene has been intensively studied in mammals ,but study of LPLgene in the chicken is still rare. In this paper ,the NEAU divergent selection broiler lines for abdominal fat were used.Body weightand fatness traits were measured in the sixth generation broiler population of the two lines at 7 week of age. One pair of primers for LPL gene were designed according to the database of chicken genomic sequence (Accession No. X60547) . The SNPs Were detected by DNA sequencing ,and PCR-SSCP method was then developed to screen the population. The correlation analysis between the polymorphisms of the LPL gene and growth and fatness traits in the population was carried out using the appropriate statistical model. Three SNPs were found in the population. Those were C235T、C278T and C293T. The least square analysis showed that FF genotype birds had significant higher ( P < 0.05) body weight than EG,FG and GG genotype birds ,and FF genotype birds had significant higher ( P < 0105) weights of abdominal fat than EF,EG and FG genotype birds at the same time. From these results we can putatively drew the conclusion that LPL gene may be a major gene to affect the fatness traits or linked to the major gene ,and the three polymorphisms found in LPL gene could be used to select the chicken for low abdominal fat in molecular marker assisted selection programs.

Abstract: This article aimed to optimize a polyclonal antibody based indirect competitive ELISA (icELISA) and compare between the icELSIA method and the LC-MS technology for the determination of enrofloxacin (ENR) residue. Based on the square matrix titration, linear range of the icELISA was from 0.006 to 31.5 ng/mL, with LOD and IC50 values of 0.003 ng/mL and 0.45 ng/mL, respectively. After optimization, 0.03 mol/L of HCl was used in the assay buffer and this ELISA system can tolerate acetonitrile not higher than 10%. The recoveries of ENR were in the range of 98.3-127.5%, 85.7-112.5% and 97.4-103.8% for chicken muscle, liver and kidney. The correlation coefficients (R2) of the ELISA and LC-MS data were 0.9472 in muscle, 0.9843 in liver, and 0.9382 in kidney, respectively.

Abstract: In the study, the Mx gene promoter, exon 1, exon 2, and exon 14 and intron 13 in eight Chinese local chicken breeds were examined. Amino acid 631 in the GED region was tested in eight Chinese local chicken breeds and two exotic breeds. The frequency of allele A was 0.1259 and the frequency of allele G was 0.8741. Meanwhile, induction of expression of the Mx gene in chicken embryo fibroblasts was analyzed in the local chicken breed, Beijing-you and the exotic breed, White Leghorn.The semi-quantitative and quantitative results showed that the expression of the Mx gene in White Leghorn was significantly different under different induction conditions. There was also a difference in the genotypic distribution of S631N in two breeds: allele A/G was 0.8471/0.1529 and 0.1613/0.8387 in White Leghorn and Beijing-you chickens, respectively. We speculate that the difference in the genotypic distribution has an effect on Mx gene expression.

Abstract: A rapid indirect competitive ELISA (icELISA) format has been developed for the determination of enrofloxacin (ENR) residues in chicken. For this purpose, carbodiimide active ester method was employed to synthesize the artificial antigen of ENR-BSA, and anti- serum produced from the immunized rabbits was tested by indirect ELISA and icELISA. By the square matrix titration, the icELISA method was developed for the quantitative detection of ENR, based on the pAb. The Linear range was from 0.006 to 31.5 ng/mL, with LOD and IC50 value of 0.003 ng/mL and 0.45 ng/mL, respectively. Except for a high cross-reactivity (105.2%) to Ciprofloxacin, negligible cross-reactivity to the other compounds was observed. The recoveries of ENR were in the range of 98.3-127.5%, 85.7-112.5% and 97.4-103.8% for chicken muscle, liver and kidney, respectively. After optimization, 0.03 mol/L of HCl was used in the assay buffer and this ELISA system can tolerate acetonitrile not higher than 10%. The correlation coefficients (R2) of the ELISA and LC-MS data were 0.9472 in muscle, 0.9843 in liver, and 0.9382 in kidney. Therefore, this assay has the potential to be incorporated into a quantitative monitoring program for the rapid screening of ENR residue in food.

Abstract: Thirty-eight isolates of Escherichia coli (E.coli) were isolated from chickens either ill or dead suspected with E.coli. These chickens come from chicken breeding farms in the districts of Baoding, Qinhuangdao and Beijing of China. The results of the antibiotics sensitivity test in the thirty-eight isolates to twenty-four kinds of antibiotics show that all isolates have presented antibiotic resistance disparately as well as multiresistance. All isolates are sensitive to Cephalosporins antibiotics and Aminoglycosides antibiotics such as Amikacin, Cefazolin, Cefradine, Cefoperazone and Ceftriaxone. Thirty-eight isolates are extremely resistant to Penicillins antibiotics, Lincomycins antibiotics, Tetracyclines antibiotics and Macrolides antibiotics such as Midecamycine, Lincomycin, Carbenicillin, Tetracycline, Amoxicillin. Antibiotics sensitivity test provides a guidance for antibiotic application and scientific research on poultry farms.