Papers by Keyword: China

Abstract: Owing to the growing gap of natural gas between supply and demand in China, the unconventional natural gas, including coal-bed methane (CBM) and shale gas, has been considered as strategic energy sources. An assessment by China’s Ministry of Land and Resources (MLR) announced that China has potentially resources of 36.7 trillion cubic meters of CBM and 25 trillion cubic meters of shale gas, larger than those of the U.S. Controversial views about their commercial prospects and priorities in order are available. This research aims at exploring which is more economically viable and worth the priority. A cost-benefit analysis (CBA) based on average single well data is employed to carry out a comparative analysis between two typical fields, the coal-bed methane (CBM) fields in the Qinshui basin and the shale gas fields in Sichuan basin. The net present value (NPV), the internal rate of return (IRR) and the payback period are used as indicators in this analysis. The results indicate that CBM is superior to shale gas in viability under the current technological and economic conditions, and the future of the CBM industry is clearer than that of the shale gas industry, but the latter is still promising if the drilling costs can be reduced significantly with technical progress. We suggest that the CBM industry should be given the priority to, and the policy for shale gas should focus on promoting technical innovations.

Abstract: As the external environment of the international construction project has become increasingly complex, risk management is emphasized in the project management. BIM(Building Information Model) has bring change to the Construction Industry in China. It has contributed to the schedule and cost management. However, BIM is not widely used to solve the problem of risk management. This thesis cites the possibility about BIM application to risk management and evaluates the progress it may bring to the process of risk management. Furthermore, a BIM-Risk System is proposed for Chinese international contractors to solve some major risks the international contractors may face. By using this system, the level of the project risk management will significantly improve. Then the barriers and the potential problems of applying BIM to risk management in China are analyzed. The BIM application to risk management has great value to be further researched.

Abstract: This study uses a complete decomposition method to analyze the nature of the two factors that influence the changes in fertilizer use intensity by crops: fertilizer use efficiency effect and crop structure change effect. We find that: the reduction of fertilizer use efficiency was the main factor in the growth of fertilizer use intensity in the aggregate agricultural economy, while the structure change had a minor effect on lowering fertilizer use intensity; the crop structure change effect and fertilizer use efficiency effect both have positive effects on the growth of fertilizer use intensity in grain crops; the decline of fertilizer use intensity by economic crops was largely due to the crop structure change from high fertilizer use intensity type to low fertilizer use intensity type, while the increase of fertilizer use intensity by horticultural crops was mainly attributable to the structure change effect.

Abstract: China has huge shale gas resources potential. The exploitation of shale gas can effectively reduce atmosphere pollution and relieve the energy shortage in China. Organic rich shale in pre-Cambrian period mainly lies to North China and Yangtze areas. The shales were developed in continental shelf and restricted marine basin. The distribution is stable with the thickness ranging from 10m-150m. The geochemistry characteristics are favored for shale gas accumulation for pre-Cambrian shale. The shale mineral is mainly quartz and feldspar. The pre-Cambrian formations have favored geological condition for shale gas accumulation. The favored intervals and regions for development of shale gas are Doushantuo shale in Upper Yangtze areas and Hongshuizhuang shale in northern Hebei Province or Jianchang Basin in western Liaoning Province.

Abstract: Becoming the second largest carbon market after the EU ETS in the world, China steadily runs the pilot carbon emission trading markets for more than half year. Political and economical context with Chinese Characteristics cultivated a new market from previous EU ETS. Intensive enterprise compliance in June and July witnessed an examination on policy design and implementation. Do the answers test the real performance and satisfy with domestic policy makers, enterprises and the public Anyway, insights from existing pilot markets will be useful for future national market also for other emerging regimes.

Abstract: This paper aims to discuss what is the suitable scale of the specialized residential area for aged people. We used the method of combining the qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, carded and compared the dates of the cognition and communication for the aged people, the walking range for the aged people, the walking range for pension service facilities, property management and relevant standards one by one, got the reasonable scale from two terms that is population scale and land scale. The optimum scale of the specialized residential area for aged people is population scale between 1000 to 2500 people and land area between 4.96 to 12.65 hectares. This data will play a guiding role for the construction and design of the specialized residential area for aged people in the future, and also will provide a reference for the planning and design of old settlements in urban planning.

Abstract: Urban spatial structure is the city in a variety of material, energy and social culture accumulation in space distribution and combination of the state. It is also the core issue of urban spatial development. Author studies China's urban spatial structure research, and find that China's urban spatial structure research mainly concentrated three times: 1980’s, 1990’s and since 2000.Research emphasis of each period is different. Through the process of urban spatial structure research, author sum up that the research in China has the following features: emphasis on urban spatial structure, advancing with The Times, etc. Authors hope this article can have the implications about the future of China's urban spatial structure research.

Abstract: The evaluation index system of Chinese agricultural circular economy development was established based on the definition of connotation of the agricultural circular economy and the principle of index selection. It included four aspects, i.e., social and economic development, resource reduction input, resource recycling and ecological environment, as well as 16 indexes. The development level of the agricultural circular economy in China between 1991 and 2012 was evaluated and analyzed by using the comprehensive multi-index model method. The results illustrated that the development levels of the agricultural circular economy in China and its three major regions of eastern region, middle region and western region exhibited rising trends. Investment of reduced resources has become a bottleneck restricting the development of agricultural circular economy in China. There was an obvious regional difference of the development level of the agricultural circular economy in China.

Abstract: Energy cooperation is one of the prerequisites for the development of modern industry and the world economy, China-Russia energy cooperation is an important part of China-Russia economic and trade cooperation between the two countries, and is also an important field of development of bilateral strategic partnership.China is the world's oil-producing and consuming countries, demand for oil and gas has great; Russia is oil and gas producing and exporting countries in the world, rich in oil and gas resources. China-Russia neighboring each other,China-Russia energy cooperation between the two countries is not only need and significance of strengthening China-Russia strategic cooperative partnership. Firstly, the paper use of SWOT analysis on China-Russia cooperation in energy analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats and finally put forward the China-Russia energy cooperation strategy. Strengthening China-Russia energy cooperation is conducive to ensuring China's energy security, but also to Russia's exports to China more energy, the China-Russia energy cooperation is a win-win and mutually beneficial cooperation.

Abstract: Road maintenance management is highly recognized by governments and road administrations nowadays. The aim of this project is to define the mainly used road maintenance management approaches in Britain and China, then compare and contrast the similarities and differences between them. The approaches of institutional management, financial management and operational management of the road maintenance will be introduced. It can be concluded that management efficiency would be greatly improved if the road administrators could learn from each other.