Papers by Keyword: Chlorhexidine

Abstract: This study aimed to show the enhanced effect of nanoparticles cobalt ferrite CoFe₂O₄ with chlorhexidine on Enterococcus faecium isolated from failure root canal treatment cases. Sol-gel technique was used to prepare the spinel cobalt ferrite CoFe₂O₄ at 200 °C then sintering at 400 °C & 600 °C, whereas the antimicrobial susceptibility test of nanoparticles was carried out according to the Kirby-Bauer technique compared with chlorhexidine. Fifteen isolates of Enterococcus faecium obtained by inserting sterile paper points in root canals, from patients who consulted the Teaching Hospital of Dentistry College at the University of Mosul, Iraq. For the first time, results showed that the nanoparticle cobalt ferrite CoFe₂O₄ at 400 °C and 600 °C, when mixed with chlorhexidine, give the mean inhibition zone 8.5334 mm and 8.0667mm respectively, while the pure chlorhexidine was providing a mean inhibition zone of 3.1667 mm, and also the nanoparticles cobalt ferrite in both cases of sintering without mixing, there was no antimicrobial effect. Statistical analysis using Duncan showed significant differences among groups (p < 0.05).

Abstract: In the present work, the efficacy of the Ti–7.5Mo alloy nanotube and Ti–7.5Mo alloy nanotube with chlorhexidine against bacterial biofilm formation was evaluated. Nanotubes were processed using anodization in 0.25% NH₄F electrolyte solution. Biofilms were cultured in discs immersed in sterile brain heart infusion broth (BHI) containing 5% sucrose, inoculated with microbial suspension (106 cells/ml) and incubated for 5 days. Next, the discs were placed in tubes with sterile physiological solution 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) and sonicated to disperse the biofilms. Tenfold serial dilutions were carried and aliquots seeded in selective agar, which were then incubated for 48 h. Then, the numbers CFU/ml (log 10) were counted and analyzed statistically. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on discs with biofilms groups and contact angle was carried out. The results show that there is no difference in bacterial adhesion between of the Ti–7.5Mo alloy nanotube and Ti–7.5Mo alloy nanotube with chlorhexidine.

Abstract: In this work, the adsorption of a low-concentration solution of chlorhexidine (CHX), an antimicrobial drug, in hydroxyapatite (HA) and alginate microspheres was studied. The microspheres were formed by extrusion of a 1:10 mixture of alginate and HA in two different divalent solutions: CaCl₂ and ZnCl₂. UV-Vis spectroscopy showed that the microspheres adsorbed approximately half of the chlorhexidine in solution, which was initially at 0.2%. XRD patterns obtained prior adsorption confirmed the presence of HA as the only crystalline phase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis were performed before and after CHX adsorption. The spheres produced in CaCl₂ solution did not show significant change after adsorption. However, samples obtained in ZnCl₂ solution showed a different microstructure, with the presence of crystals with a high Zn concentration. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) confirmed the presence of ZnO in the samples after CHX absorption.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop a novel dental desensitizer with nitrogen-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles that show an optical response under visible light and investigate the triggered release of chlorhexidine from these nanoparticles in response to remote visible-light irradiation. Diffusive ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy indicated that N-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles solvothermally treated at 130°C for 2 h showed the highest absorbance at 470 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that nitrogen was substantially doped into the TiO₂ lattice via the existence of N–Ti–O or N–Ti–N linkages (396.1 eV of N 1s). Chlorhexidine-release and agar-diffusion antibacterial tests revealed that visible-light irradiation statistically accelerated the chlorhexidine release and antibacterial activity. An agar overlay biocompatibility test showed that only the 0.1% chlorhexidine experimental group was biocompatible according to ISO 7405. Therefore, N-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles should enable the development of new visible-light-mediated antibacterial desensitizers in the field of dentistry.

Abstract: Chlorhexidine, 1,1'-hexamethylene-bis-[5-(p-chlorophenyl)-biguanide] is a clinically used antiseptic agent with a broad activity spectrum, effective against either Gram positive bacteria such as Mutans streptococcus or Gram negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It has eliminating effects on some mycobacteria. In order to prevent the loss of the biological activity caused by poor solubility of chlorhexidine and to limit the side effects of chlorhexidine when used as antiseptic, we synthesised Zn(II)- and Cu(II)- complexes of chlorhexidine, L1, as well as with chlorhexidine diacetate, L2, in 1:1 and 1:2 M:L molar ratios. Based on the elemental analysis data, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, and ESI-MS spectrometry we proposed the appropriate molecular formulae of the complexes.

Abstract: Chlorhexidine (CHX), a cationic antiseptic, is an antimicrobial agent with many applications. In this work, the antimicrobial action of CHX associated with hydroxyapatite (HA) was evaluated for treating oral infections. Based on the determination of MIC (6,25 mg/mL HACHX), the material showed growth inhibition of E. faecalis for up to 08 days.

Abstract: The main objective of this study was to manufacture an oral rinse using the natural antibacterial agent (phytosphingosine, Doosan, Korea) for the prevention of periodontal disease and dental caries. Phytosphingosine is known to inhibit the growth of bacterial strains and induce apoptotic cell death in human cancer lines. In this study, antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of oral rinses were performed with an experimental group containing phytosphingosine(PS) in vitro. Control groups consist of two Korean products and two American products containing chlorhexidine and cetylpyridinium chloride, respectively. There was no significant difference between experimental and control groups in the antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity except for Chika Chika Liq (p<0.05). According to the results, antibacterial activity of oral rinse containing PS was 99.62%, the strongest contact inhibition of Streptococcus mutans strain among tested groups. In the cytotoxicity test of oral rinses, PS had a weaker cytotoxicity than control groups in mouse and human normal cell lines and showed the strongest cytotoxicity in human oral cancer cell lines (KB cell). From the results, PS may be widely used as an oral rinse for the healthy and the patients with oral cancers in the near future.