Papers by Keyword: Cholesterol

Abstract: Copper and its salt are remarkably non-toxic to mammalian tissue. It is possible to ingest a large number of soluble copper salts such as copper sulphide to produce intoxication, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and abdominal cramp. Copper salts are widely employed in agriculture and veterinary practice. Copper is an essential trace element in life and is a component of several metalloenzymes and other proteins such as cytochrome oxidase, heamocyanin, lysin oxidase, ascorbate oxidase and amine oxidase. When copper is present in the body above a particular dosage of greater than 100ppm in rats, it becomes fatal to rats. Copper is transported by blood, and is distributed to tissue and organs which have different retention capacities with the highest level of copper found in the liver, kidney, spleen and lungs. This study investigated the toxicological effect of copper in the liver and kidney of animals, using albino rats as the experimental animal. The serum chemistry report showed that the protein value of the liver homogenate for most of the experimental rats was higher than that of the control whereas the value of globulin for the control was similar to that of the experimental rats. The kidney homogenate revealed that Calcium ion has higher contents in the experimental rats than that in the control. In conclusion, the effect of copper varies with the groups of rats as compared to the control.

Abstract: Liposomes are being used as unique drug delivery systems due to their ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, as well as for the fact that they improve the disadvantages of free drug administration. However, liposomes have a significant disadvantage - low encapsulation efficiency. In the research carried out, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) and cholesterol (Chol), in the ratio (n/n) of 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 respectively, were used to prepare the liposomes. Blank liposomes (LIP) and vancomycin hydrochloride (VANKA) containing liposomes (VANKA-LIP) were prepared for each of the DSPC and Chol compositions. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of liposome composition on the VANKA encapsulation efficiency and release kinetics.

Abstract: Phase inversion in situ forming matrix is one of the promising drug delivery systems for periodontitis treatment owing to the prospective high antimicrobial agent level in the gingival crevicular fluid. Typically, this drug delivery system is a fluid polymeric solution that could change simultaneously to matrix-like after injection into aqueous physiological environment. The main propose of the current study was to achieve successful development of antibacterial agent-incorporated cholesterol phase inversion in situ forming matrix for crevicular pocket delivery. In this study, cholesterol was used as a fat matrix former, while N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) was used as the solvent and menthol was used as co-solvent. The 10%w/w metronidazole or doxycycline hyclate was employed as the active compounds. The developed formula were evaluated for viscosity and rheological behavior, antimicrobial activity using cup agar diffusion method and in vitro drug release using dialysis tube method. The consistency index from rheological test of doxycycline hyclate and metronidazole-loaded in situ forming matrices was not significantly different (p<0.05). Interestingly, the viscosity of all formula was quite low; thus, this characteristic provoked an ease of injection. They inhibited against Porphyromonas gingivalis efficiently more than cholesterol in situ forming matrix base (p<0.05). Drug release from systems loaded with doxycycline hyclate and metronidazole were rapid and nearly not different. Owing to the apparent efficiently inhibition against Porphyromonas gingivalis the in situ forming matrix loading doxycline hyclate was selected for further development to minimize the burst release and to prolong the drug release.

Abstract: Nowadays there is a significant increase in the consumption of vegetables and fruits, due toall the therapeutic properties that have been associated with them, some of these fruits and vegetablesare consumed in processed form [1]. During the process, byproducts such as husks and seeds aregenerated, which are usually difficult to handle waste since they have a high organic load and carryan additional cost for their treatment [2]. Proteins, carbohydrates, bioactive substances, essential oils,are some of the compounds that can be found in this type of waste [3-6]. The subproduct mentionedcan be used as raw material for obtaining other products of high value for consumption. The objectiveof the present investigation was to determine the concentration of various minerals, fatty acids,resveratrol and phytosterols present in the avocado seed in order to add value to this residue. Afterconducting all these experiments in the laboratory, it was shown that the avocado seed containsresveratrol and other components that help improve glucose and cholesterol levels. An avocado seedsupplement was obtained that has been tested with rabbits for the moment.

Abstract: Cholesterol plays a crucial role in the human body. High cholesterol level in blood is a marker of CVDs. Therefore, cholesterol determination techniques are necessary for clinical practice. Currently used cholesterol determination techniques involve enzymes or expensive and complicated equipment. Electrochemical techniques are widely spread in test-systems and sensors construction. Novel modification procedure for enzymeless cholesterol determination is suggested in this study. The electrochemical behavior of cholesterol on modified electrode was studied with the usage of cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry. Obtained concentration range is linear from 0.1 up to 100 mM a conditions close to physiological (pH=6.86) with a quantification limit of 0.01 mM. Besides, the electrode surface morphology and pH-effect were studied. The developed technique is promising for the rapid determination of total cholesterol in blood.

Abstract: The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of polysaccharides from Agaricus bisporus mycelia (PABM) in alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) mice. After administration with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of PABM to DM mice for 28 days, the effects of PABM on the body weight, blood glucose, serum insulin, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were monitored. The results showed that the PABM could increase body weight, serum insulin and HDL-C levels, as well as decrease TC, TG and LDL-C levels in DM mice. PABM possess anti-diabetic activity.

Abstract: Target For the lotus roots have caring characteristics on inventions of obesity and preventions of“Three Height”, which compared the test on the absorption function of lotus roots absorbing cholesterol and fatty acids after cooking ,provide the basis for reasonable edible method and develop the special adsorbent.Method The lotus roots were steamed, boiled, fried and microwaved,then tested and compared the changes of the adsorption of cholesterol and fatty acid, studied on the influence factors of adsorption, and got the processing method of high adsorbability.Results ① With the extension of adsorption time，the amount of cholesterol absorbed by all samples surges，which peaks after 1-1.5h. While as more lotus roots are used ,the amount of cholesterol absorbed declines, which compared absorption by different methods: microwaving ＞ poaching＞steaming＞frying. ② The lotus roots absorbed saturated fatty acids＞the lotus roots absorbed unsaturated fatty acids,which compared absorption by different methods: steaming＞poaching＞microwaving＞frying.Conclusion In order to treat disease of heart head blood-vessel and ensure to play a role in absorption and excretion on cholesterol and saturated fatty acids after eating ,Lotus roots are promoted to use cooking recipes of microwaving,steaming and poaching instead of frying .

Abstract: A novel and stereoselective synthetic method for the preparation of 3α-cholesterylamine was developed. This method had many features, such as easily accessible cholesterol starting material, high stereoselectivity, simple procedure, short reaction time, and good yield.

Abstract: Treatment of 3β-cholesteryl methanesulfonate with tetrabutylammonium halides in the presence of BF₃·Et₂O provides a mild and efficient method for the preparation of 3β-cholesteryl halides via i-steroid and retro-i-steroid rearrangements. The utilization of tetrabutylammonium halides avoided the moisture sensitivity and lowered the cost of reagents for the reported method based on trimethylsilyl halides.

Abstract: Derivatives of 3β-amino-5-cholestene are of substantial interest to chemical biologists and have potential medicinal value. A novel and practical method for the preparation of 3β-amino-5-cholestene from inexpensive cholesterol has been developed. To synthesize the epicholesterol intermediate, the KO₂ method reported by Corey and coworkers was applied in this synthetic route and solved the problems of the known synthetic route involving epicholesterol intermediate.