Papers by Keyword: Cinnamaldehyde

Abstract: This research focuses on the synthesis and evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the compound cinnamylideneacetophenone, achieved through an aldol condensation reaction using cinnamaldehyde as the aromatic aldehyde and 2-acetylnaphthalene as the aromatic ketone. The primary objective of this study was to successfully synthesize cinnamylideneacetophenone and assess its antibacterial properties against specific bacterial strains. The synthesis resulted in a yield of 89.15%, and the synthesized compound was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) to confirm its structural integrity. Following characterization, the target compound was identified as 1-(2-naphthyl)-5-phenyl-2,4-pentadien-1-one. However, when tested for antibacterial activity using the agar diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, the results indicated that the synthesized chalcone analog exhibited weak antibacterial properties, with an inhibition zone diameter of less than 5 mm. In conclusion, while cinnamylideneacetophenone was successfully synthesized and characterized, its antibacterial activity was limited, suggesting further research to explore modifications that could enhance its efficacy as an antibacterial agent.

Abstract: The cinnamon essential oil has antibacterial characteristic and sensitive to light and oxygen [1]. Due to its benefits from cinnamaldehyde, this compound has already used for antibacterial agent injected in polymer film [2]. Films are usually made from natural polymers as their main materials such as pectin. This research observed the influence of calcium chloride addition (0; 0.01; 0.02; and 0.03 g/mL solution) in the physical characteristics of pectin based edible films using the immersion method. The results indicated that calcium chloride content did not effect significantly. On the other hand, increasing calcium chloride content increased the water sorption of phosphate buffer saline solution and 0.03 g/mL of calcium chloride offered the lowest water sorption. Addition of cinnamaldehyde affected the surface morphology of the film and gave the crystal structure on the surface.

Abstract: Pectin is a derivative polysaccharides biopolymer that can be used as a material for an edible film. In this study, pectin edible film was made from a thin layer of edible pectin. The physical properties of the edible films such as elongation of the break, tensile strength, and the swelling degree were observed when carbonate hydroxyapatite (CHA) was added to the pectin edible film. In order to study the loading and release behavior of the pectin edible film, cinnamaldehyde (2 wt%) was also added to the film used as a drug sample. Cinnamaldehyde is known as a derivative compound of cinnamon bark. The edible film was made by mixing pectin (0.015 g/mL) and carbonate hydroxyapatite (CHA). Various concentration of carbonate hydroxyapatite (1, 3, 5, 7 wt%) was diluted in water and stirred using tween 80 and glycerol for about 1.5 h at a temperature of 70 °C. Then, cinnamaldehyde was added to the mixture and stirred for 30 minutes. The mixture was dried in an oven at a temperature of 50 °C for 15 h and stored in the desiccator. The experiment results showed that the tensile strength of pectin edible film was increased when more concentration of CHA added to the film, but the elongation of break and swelling were decreased. These results indicate that the addition of carbonate hydroxyapatite (CHA) affects the properties of pectin edible film significantly but does not affect the thickness of the film.

Abstract: The synthesis of curcumin analogues monoketone as target compounds from cinnamaldehyde and inhibition assay against alpha-glucosidase enzyme had been performed. The stepwise of synthesis was performed by aldol condensation Claisen-Schmidt reaction andused ketones variation to give curcumin analogues monoketone. The antidiabetic activity of curcumin analogues was carried out by inhibition test against alpha-glucosidase enzyme isolated from rotten rice (Oryza sativa). The first step of synthesis was started by reacting cinnamaldehyde and monoketones such as acetone (curcumin analog A [(1E,3E,6E,8E)-1,9-diphenyl-1,3,6,8-nanotetraen-5-one]), cyclopentanone (curcumin analog B [(2E,5E)-2,5-bis ((E)-3-phenylallylidene) cyclopentanone], and cyclohexanone (curcumin analog C [(2E,6E)-2,6-bis [(E)-3-phenylallylidene] cyclohexanone]) in ethanol as solvent. The synthesis was carried out in base condition (KOH) by stirring at 52 °C for 50 minutes. The structures of all products were identified by using FTIR, direct inlet-MS, ¹H-and ¹³C-NMR. Futhermore, the activity of curcumin analogues was tested against with alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibition. The results show that the curcumin analogues (A-C) were yielded in 85.57; 72.15; and 82.97%, respectively as yellow solid. The melting point of curcuminanalogues (A-C) were at 116.60-122.40; 196.20-200.10; and 142.30-148.10 °C, respectively. The inhibition of alpha-glucosidase enzyme indicated that the curcumin analog B was potential to inhibit alpha-glucosidase enzyme with the highest activity by giving inhibition percentage of about 70.71% at 2.5 mM.

Abstract: To examine the extraction method and chromatographic conditions that affect the determination of cinnamaldehyde in Baoyuanqingxue granules and make clinical evaluation about the determination of cinnamaldehyde.Ultrasonic methanol extraction was used before the detemination of cinnamaldehyde in Baoyuanqingxue granules. High Performance Liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was applied to detect samples. The SB-C18 column (Agilent, ZORBAX, 4.6×150mm, 5μm) was adopted, the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (35:65) at the flow rate of 1.00mL•min-1 with DAD detection wavelength at 290nm, the volume of injection was 20μL and the column temperature was 30°C. The resolution between cinnamaldehyde and other peaks was good. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.5035~50.35μg•mL-1(r=0.99976). The average recovery (n=6) of cinnamaldehyde was 99.2% with RSD of 0.5%. The HPLC-DAD method to detect the content of cinnamaldehyde in Baoyuanqingxue granules is simple and accurate. It can be used for quality control of cinnamaldehyde in Baoyuanqingxue granules.

Abstract: Benzaldehyde was produced from oxidation of cinnamaldehyde by hydrogen peroxide in propylene glycol in the presence of sodium bicarbonate. Protic solvent demonstrated high selectivity and the yield of benzaldehyde could reach up to 82% in propylene glycol. The effect of solvent on the selectivity was attributed to hydrogen bond interaction between the oxidation intermediate epoxide and the solvent.

Abstract: The hydrolysis of cinnamaldehyde in aqueous solution catalyzed by amino acids has been investigated. Eight amino acids e.g. glycine, proline etc. have been employed as the small molecular organocatalysts. The effect of reaction time, temperature, buffer concentration on the reaction has been studied. Spectroscopic analysis indicated the reaction product is 3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanal.

Abstract: Cu-Zn-Al catalyst was modified by the additives such as Ni and Mn, and the prepared catalyst was employed in the selective catalytic hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde. The results showed that the addition of Ni could improve catalytic activity significantly, moreover, the improving effect was highest when Zn was replaced by Ni, simultaneously leading to excessive hydrogenation. The Cu-(5%)Mn-Zn-Al catalyst exhibited a higher selectivity of 93.6% for C = O bond to cinnamyl alcohol and hydrogenation activity of 33.0% conversion at 130°C under 1.0 MPa of H2 pressure with the reaction time of 1 h. TPR and XRD characterization showed that Mn promoter was favorable for the growth of Cu0 fine grains on the surface of catalyst, which not only led to steric effect which improved the selectivity for cinnamyl alcohol, but also reduced the numbers of active centers, consequently decreased the reaction rate.

Abstract: A strain CG08 was isolated which could selectively hydrogenate cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol. The strain was idetified as Citrobacter freundii. The yield of cinnamyl alcohol was determined by UV spectroscopy. The optimized degradation conditions were found as 30 g/L glucose,16 g/L peptone with the initial cinnamaldehyde addition amount of 2 mL/L at pH 6.0, 30 °C for 40 hours of reaction. The secondary addition amount was 1 mL/L for 32 hours. Under the optimized conditions, the conversion of cinnamaldehyde was 100 %, the selectivity for cinnamyl alcohol was 90.1 %. And the yield of cinnamyl alcohol was up to 2.88 g/L, which was 26.3 % higher than the previously reported one.