Papers by Keyword: Co-Precipitation Method

Abstract: The magnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄ NPs) are being investigated. Fe₃O₄ NPs were prepared using the co-precipitation method and oven dried. The magnetic properties are influenced by the electron environments of the Fe³⁺ ions within the iron oxide structure. XPS spectra of Fe³⁺ (2p_3/2) and (2p_1/2) show peaks around 706.45 eV and 720.76 eV, respectively. Furthermore, magnetite NPs dried at 60 °C exhibited the largest hysteresis loop at 50K and less at 300K. In addition, the values of Ms and Mr indicate ferromagnetic behavior in Fe₃O₄ NPs. The result of this material shows high Ms (~38.638 emu/g) at 50K with Hc of 3.094K (near ferromagnetism) and ~33.843 emu/g at 300K with Hc of 0.000K (superparamagnetic). However, these magnetic properties are utilized for biomaterial applications such as separating biomolecules or coating core shells for nanoparticles, which presents an option for future biomedical technology.

Abstract: Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles have garnered significant attention in biomedicine due to their distinctive magnetic properties, biocompatibility, and ease of functionalization for diverse applications. In this study, Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were synthesized via the co-precipitation method, followed by the synthesis of a SiO₂ coating on Fe₃O₄ (Fe₃O₄@SiO₂) and an amino group coating on Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ (Fe₃O₄@SiO₂_NH₂) before chitosan coating. Chitosan concentration was varied at 1% and 5% to improve their stability and biocompatibility. Characterization of the nanoparticles was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDXS). XRD analysis confirmed that the synthesized nanoparticles were magnetite (Fe₃O₄), while FTIR confirmed the presence of -OH and -NH₂ functional groups, which increased after coating with a chitosan layer on the magnetite surface. SEM/EDX analysis revealed that the average diameter of the uncoated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles was approximately 12 nm, and EDX analysis indicated the presence of sodium after coating with chitosan. Using chitosan as a coating material enhanced the biocompatibility, stability, and functional versatility of the nanoparticles. The results demonstrated the successful coating of chitosan on the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, which retained their superparamagnetic properties, making them promising candidates for drug delivery applications.

Abstract: The challenge in this research is the producing of nanoparticle superconductor compound. The benefit of nanoparticle is making the improving of the superconductor compound. The Bi₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O₁₀ (Bi-2223) compound prepared by Co-precipitation method at different sintering temperatures (600, 700, 850 °C) (20 hrs) with pH value (7). The electric resistivity of samples measured under liquid helium closed cycle cryogenic system. The TEM estimation of sample prepared by Co-precipitation recognized the range of particles size is about (22 - 48nm) at sintering temperature (600 °C). The range of nanoparticles size is in about (65-112 nm) at sintering temperature (700 °C) and (80-124) nm at sintering temperatures (850°C). The critical temperature of sample at sintering temperatures (700, 850 °C) was about (109 ,112) K respectively The crystal structure confirmed by using X-ray diffraction, these peaks were found to be well indexed by the tetragonal phase of Bi-2223. It was defined the successful of this method is a function to presence of full properties for superconductor compound like Bi-2223 system. .

Abstract: Barium Titanate (BT) is one of the most intriguing ferroelectric materials widely exploited both for academic and technological utilization. The study aimed to investigate characteristics of BT ceramics Synthesized by co-precipitation (BT-C) and solid-state methods (BT-S) with variation of sintering temperatures. Here, the sintering temperatures are 900°C, 1000°C, 1100°C, and 1200°C for 4 h of each The characteristics are microstructure, morphology, and dielectric properties evaluated using X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Inductance-Capacitance-Resistance (LCR) meter, respectively. As results, the XRD patterns shows a pure perovskite single phase of BT was obtained by solid-state method at sintering temperature of 1000°C. While, the same result was obtained by co-precipitation at sintering temperature of 1100°C. The average crystallite size of BT-C and BT-S ceramics are in close values and getting larger with the higher sintering temperatures. Meanwhile, tetragonality of the BT-C tends to be larger as compared to the BT-S. The morphology results revealed big formed particles agglomeration (>5 μm) of the BT-C ceramics and the densities proportionally increased as the higher temperatures exhibited less porosity of ceramics. Meanwhile, the BT-S grains were visible and agglomerated in a much smaller size with the density values were different as the change of the sintering temperatures. The dielectric permittivity of the BT-C and BT-S ceramics were increased with higher sintering temperature. Further, the BT-C ceramics possessed higher permittivity than the BT-S due to high densities (less porosity) of ceramics. The highest permittivity of 1150 at 40 kHz was achieved by BT-C at 1200°C.

Abstract: Functional nanocomposites have been widely studied in recent years. Because of its non-toxic and inexpensive properties, titanium dioxide has pervasive application value in the chemical industry. Nano-sized antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) metallic oxide was developed and combined with a pure titanium dioxide substrate by the effective co-precipitation method. The obtained powder had good conductibility, and its carriers were supplied by the infiltrated Sb atoms in tin oxide crystal. In the present work, the calcination temperatures and molar ratio of tin (IV) chloride pentahydrate (SnCl₄·5H₂O) and antimony (III) chloride (SbCl₃) were optimized for achieving excellent electrical performances. As a result, the sheet resistivity of Sb-SnO₂/TiO₂ was in the range from 9 kΩ·cm to 15 kΩ·cm. By mixing method, the resistance of Sb-SnO₂/TiO₂/PDMS could be as low as 2 MΩ.

Abstract: This research is about nanoparticles hematite (NPH) synthesized and characterized from natural iron sands using co-precipitation method and its potential applications as extrinsic semiconductor materials type-N. The aims of this study is to determine the process parameters to obtain hematite of high purity degree and to observe its physical characteristics as an extrinsic semiconductor materials type-N. The iron sand was first separated by magnetic technique and then dissolved into HCl solution before conducting the precipitation process. Precipitation was done by dripping ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH). Precipitated powder was dried at 80°C for 2 hours, and then calcined at 500°C, 600°C 700°C for 2 hours respectively. The composition of iron sands, purity degree, hematite mineral grain size, and space group were analyzed by XRF, XRD, FTIR and SEM. The XRF analysis result of raw material, showed that dominant element and composition in the sample is Fe with purity degree is 90.51%. The XRD result before and after precipitation showed Fe₃O₄ and α-Fe₂O₃. Fe₃O₄ purity degree was obtained 85%, and α-Fe₂O₃ in NPH500, NPH600, NPH700 were 63%, 83%, and 76%, respectively. FTIR spectral showed crystalline hematite characteristics stong band of 472.07 to 559.62 cm^-1. SEM image showed the morphology of agglomeration particulates, when the calcinaton temperature increases, the agglomeration will be seperated due to thermal energy. Based on the charaterization results it was found that the natural iron sand synthesized has the potential to be applied as an N-type extrinsic semiconductor material.

Abstract: YAG materials has a number of unique properties, the application is very extensive. In this paper, the superfine YAG powder materials were prepared by co-precipitation method and hydrothermal precipitation method. The influence of synthesis process on the morphology of the powder was investigated. The results showed that the precursor powder prepared via the co-precipitation method is mainly from amorphous to crystalline transition with the increasing calcination temperature, the precursor agglomeration is more serious, In the process of increasing the calcination temperature, the dispersibility of the roasted powder is greatly improved, which is favorable for the growth of the crystal grains, so that the particle size of the powder is gradually increased, the YAG precursor prepared by the co-precipitation method is transformed into YAG crystals, the phase transition occurs mainly between 900 and 1100°C. When the molar ratio of salt to alkali is Y³⁺: OH^-=1: 8 via the hydrothermal reaction, the YAG particles with homogeneous morphology can be obtained. When the molar ratio of salt and alkali is increased continuously, the morphology of YAG particles is not obviously changed. The co-precipitation method is easy to control the particle size, the hydrothermal method is easy to control the particle morphology.

Abstract: Y₂Ti₂O₇ nanoparticles have been synthesized by co-precipitation. Y₂Ti₂O₇ was coated on a glass substrate. The average size of the synthesized Y₂Ti₂O₇ particles and thickness of the coating layer can be controlled by manipulating the relative conditions. The average size of synthesized Y₂Ti₂O₇ nanoparticles was about in the size range of 20 to 30nm with calcination temperature. The effects of synthesis parameters, such as solution pH and calcination temperature, are discussed. The synthesized Y₂Ti₂O₇ nanoparticles were coated on glass substrates by a dip coating process.

Abstract: Fe-doped NiO nanoparticles was prepared by the co-precipitation method. The precipitation solution were used the concentration of FeSO₄ mixing NiCl₂ for 0.5 M. The precipitation process was used a magnetic stirrer of 1100 rpm, a temperature of 30-60 ^OC for 0.5 h and the dropping a NaOH of 0.5 M in the mixing solution. The precipitate product was dried at the temperature of 120 ^OC for 9 h and calcined in a furnace at the temperature of 400 ^OC for 4 h in air atmosphere. The powder product was analyzed a crystal structure by a x-rays diffractometer, calculated an energy band gap by UV-VIS spectrophotometer, measured a magnetic properties by a vibrating sample magnetometer and explained morphology by a scanning electron microscope. It was found that the crystal structure was shown face center cubic. The nanoparticles in the range of 30-100 nm was observed the morphology of the optimum product. However, the coercive, the magnetic moment and the energy band gap was found the optimum at the doping Fe of 8 wt% at the precipitation temperature of 40 ^OC.

Abstract: Spinel zinc ferrite (ZnFe₂O₄) nanoparticles have engrossed immense attention due to its unusual amalgamation of its properties especially the magnetic properties and these properties are catered as fitting candidates in the field of electronics. Nanostructured spinel zinc ferrite particles were synthesized using scalable co-precipitation technique. The morphology, particle size and reaction pace of the nanoparticles (NPs) were fine tuned by eco-friendly technique. These NPs were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), photoluminescence (PL), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer ((VSM) and Dielectric studies. The required profiles were confirmed by XRD and FTIR spectra, UV-Vis, PL spectral studies. Further these measurements divulge the significance of optical properties and the spectral parameters are used to appraise the optical constants required for fabrication. Transmission electron microscopy eventually discloses the morphological analysis of the synthesized ZnFe₂O₄ nanoparticle as 15 nm within the scaling limitations. Using, VSM, the magnetic behaviour of the material have been determined as a function of magnetic field at ambient temperature; the magnetic measurements well-establishes the magnetic property and disclosed to have weak ferromagnetic behaviour as the crystallite size decreases. The A.C. conductivity measurements and dielectric studies were done as a functional dependence of frequency and temperature on synthesized nanoparticles.