Papers by Keyword: Commercialization

Abstract: Since the first synthesis of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) by copper mold casting in 1990, much effort has been devoted to the searching of new BMG composition, the clarification of fundamental and engineering properties for BMGs and their industrialization. At present, BMGs have been formed in a large number of multicomponent alloy systems where the empirical three component rule is satisfied. Nowadays, commercialized BMGs are classified to Zr-based and Fe-based alloy groups. When we look at the industrialization of Zr-Al-Ni-Cu-based BMGs, the first commercialization was made for golf clubs in Japan in 1998, followed by watch parts etc. Since then, Zr-based BMGs have been used continuously up to 2013, though their application scale was in a limited state. Since 2014, the application scale was significantly extended in collaboration with the rapid developments of smartphones and electric vehicles. At present, the mass production facilities for Zr-based BMGs have been significantly developed and variety of BMG products have been produced. On the other hand, Fe-based soft magnetic BMGs were found in 1995. Their BMGs have also been used on a huge number of pieces in various kinds of electronic-magnetic instruments. These recent application states for Zr- and Fe-based BMGs are introduced together with new nanocrystalline Fe-based soft magnetic alloys developed through the derivation of alloy composition from Fe-based BMGs.

Abstract: The life cycle model of Mega Float: Floating offshore fishing terminal (FORT) for deep sea fishing industry is presented in this paper. FORT is a totally new concept of a mega float for deep sea fishing application. It is aimed at increasing productivity through reducing travelling time to fishing ground by providing critical support services such as loading and unloading and minor maintenance and repair of boat and equipment at sea close to the fishing ground. The immediate concern is surely on its life cycle cost and techno-economic viability. The system is huge and remotely located far offshore and hence the element of sustainability and environmental friendliness and safety are some of the major investment issues. Immediate cost consideration includes the relatively high initial/acquisition cost and operation and maintenance costs and the intention is to at least self-sufficient by generation income from the services offered. Therefore, hybrid algorithm of cash flow and life cost cycle is applied in FORT implementation. The new derivation of the mathematical model for FORT application is developed to life cycle assessment principle [1-3]. The algorithm requires data that could be best produced based on forecast demand and projected cost. For ease of use the lengthy algorithm will be presented in a computer-based package.

Abstract: The tank bioleaching of metal sulphides is an established technology. Commercial success started with the treatment of refractory gold concentrates using mesophilic micro-organisms, followed by the development of tank bioleaching processes for the treatment of base metal concentrates. This was initially a mesophilic process treating secondary copper sulphides, pentlandite and cobaltiferous pyrite. There was though limited potential for recovery of copper from chalcopyrite concentrates due to low copper extractions. Over the past decades the optimization of bioleaching processes for the treatment of chalcopyrite ores and concentrates has been the subject of numerous research programmes. The use of bioleaching for the treatment of pure chalcopyrite concentrates has, however, not found commercial application mainly due to competitive smelter prices. With this in mind, Mintek’s base metal bioleaching development over the past few years focused on the treatment of complex polymetallic concentrates containing contaminants such as As, Bi, Pb and Sb as a niche application for tank bioleaching processes. These contaminants pose problems when processed via the smelting route. This paper reviews Mintek’s involvement in the development of base metal tank bioleaching processes for the treatment of chalcopyrite and polymetallic concentrates. Examples of laboratory-scale test work as well as larger scale demonstration and commercialization of the technology are highlighted.

Abstract: Current development in fuel cells and hydrogen fuel cells vehicles are first described in the paper, and then the paper gives up-to-date review of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle technological status and hydrogen infrastructure. Then the paper analysis barriers in hydrogen fuel cell vehicle commercialization and the cost reduction challenges especially in the material for catalyst and operational condition. Then in the end this paper gives the hydrogen fuel cell vehicles prospects and outlook.

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to focus on new Product Development (NPD) and Commercialization Process based on previous researches since 1963. We intend the articles to serve two major goals. Firstly, we hope that it will be useful for researchers and postgraduate students who are interesting in understanding of commercialization process for NPD. Secondly, this article is useful for R&D managers to understand how can commercialize a new product. Finally the practical implementations of each article along with its findings as major factors for impacting on NPD process are presented in a table on discussion and result part.

Abstract: The market size of green building is presumed to be occupying about 5% on construction market in 2008. Since then, the green building market kept enlarged up to about $3.7 trillion. Eventually, the market is forecast to grow about $78 trillion in 2020. According to the case of Passive House in Germany, the house is no longer high cost and future-oriented dwelling form but customer can afford like an existing house due to a drop in prices. Therefore, it is predicted to obtain a competitive price on the Green Home market soon in Korea. This research demonstrates the possibility to secure economics at this stage when the Zero-Energy on High Rise Multi-Unit Dwelling is fulfilled with a commercialization and consisted of expended incentive policy.

Abstract: Ultrafine grained, nanostructured materials and other types of recombinant nanomaterials open new windows for future technology which make a revolutionary progress in key technologies such as chemistry, material sciences etc. Literature review of the paper shows that nanomaterials have a lot to do with building construction however there is not an influential relationship between usage of nanostructured materials and building industry. In the other word, commercialization and industrial applications of recombinant nanomaterials had yet to find its own role in contemporary architecture and the building construction industry. Therefore the most important question of the research is: what are the most important commercialization strategies regarding to industrial usage of nanomaterials in building construction The results of the paper show that there is not a meaningful coherence between scientific researches and professional requirements. Moreover academic disciplines generally focus on theoretical era rather than professional fields. In order to make a more prosperous researches regarding to recombinant nanomaterials; should focus on 1-energy, 2-light, 3-security and 4-intelligence; as the most important commercialization strategies regarding to industrial usage of nanomaterials in building construction. Through these four determining strategies, nanomaterials may be adopted in coatings, panels and insulation in building construction; especially in partial requirements like roofs and facades, interior and exterior spaces.

Abstract: An atmospheric vortex engine (AVE) uses an artificially created tornado like vortex to capture the mechanical energy produced during upward heat convection. The vortex is created by admitting warm or humid air tangentially into a circular arena with an open top. The heat source can be solar energy, warm sea water, warm humid air or waste heat. The AVE has the same thermodynamic basis as the solar chimney except that the physical chimney is replaced by centrifugal force in a vortex. The energy is produced in peripheral turbo-generators. The AVE has a large clean and sustainable energy production potential and a small footprint. The paper describes the proposed process and its thermodynamics basis. It then describes progress made to date and current development plans of AVEtec Energy Corporation including economics and plans for commercialization.

Abstract: The development of separator is the key issue in the development of lithium battery and further more in hybrid power automobile and BEV Nowadays, the lithium-ion battery separator industry in China falls short of independent innovations and global competitiveness, and is still at its early stages. In addition, the demand of separators in China still relies on import. The nanofibrous lithium-ion battery separators produced by electrospinning bears the quality of high cycle performance, strong thermal stability, and high discharge rate etc, thus can meet the needs of high-standard batteries. In this study, we introduce the new electrospun fibrous separators, present its manufacturing procedures and products properties, analyze the status of the lithium-ion battery separator industry and put forward possible solutions.

Abstract: The first generation of synthetic bone substitute materials, hydroxyapatite (or HA), was initially investigated as a “non self-hardening” biomaterial for remodeling of bone defects. CPBCs concepts were used as a platform to initiate a second generation of injectable, self-hardening cement. The variety of CPBC’s chemical composition leads to a better understanding of their mechanism of reaction and their proposed classification: acid-base, mono-component and hydrolysable. After hydration, mixing, and full chemical reaction, these cements have the ability to precipitate different end products (e.g. HA, calcium deficient apatite, carbonated apatite, brushite, etc.). In fact, the initial idea of having higher mechanical performance (>50 MPa in compression) for a bone void filler application was abandoned and has led to a greater focus on cement fast-hardening (<15 min), higher total porosity (>60%), extended performance of injectability (8 to 22 G), fast resorbability (< 2 years) and user-friendliness for the clinicians. A new CPBC combination (cement plus additives) has particularly improved rheological and biointegrity performance. A hybrid of CPBC-DBM (Demineralized Bone Matrix) has also added an osteoinductivity performance to the initial osteoconductive CPBC.This paper will propose a comparison of the chemical composition, reaction, and performance characteristics of major commercially available CPBC products. Furthermore, it will describe today’s surgeon’s CPBC needs as bone substitute materials for different clinical applications. Finally, we will discuss what we learned so far, how we can resolve several clinical impacts & product recall, and how we believe CPBC designers can meet development challenges, and users’ specific requirements.