Papers by Keyword: Comparison

Abstract: Anthropometric measurements are critical dimensions when considering human interface design. This is especially true in vehicle package design where the interaction of the drive with the vehicle interior components need to be precisely determine as a mismatch between them would not only be detrimental to the drives comfort but driving performance and safety as well. In the past car makers often depends on standard databases derived from population that are not necessarily suited to the local population. Among the key concerns are the anthropometric measurements values and body ratio which would drive the design requirements of the vehicle package. Thus this paper describes the study which has been done to understand Malaysian Anthropometry in comparison of current available databases. The results shows significant differences in body proportion which may lead to the necessity to further study the effect of this differences.

Abstract: Seismic displacement design method and allowable values of story drift are compared between Chinese, American, European and Japanese seismic design codes. An engineering example's seismic displacement is calculated in the methods given by the four codes, and story drift are compared. Researches show that allowable story drift of Chinese code under rare earthquake action is approximately close to that of American with a 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years, and allowable story drift of Japanese code is more rigorous than other three codes. For three-story three-span reinforced concrete frame structure, in the condition of same intensity, displacement of Chinese under the earthquake action with 2~3% exceeding probability of 50-year is greater than that of American and European with 10% exceeding probability of 50-year. However, intensity plays no role in Japan's displacement calculation, and the calculation result of displacement of Japanese code is less than other three codes.

Abstract: The China construction industry accounts for about 30% of total energy consumption, a high proportion of the energy consumed, which causes a large amount of emissions of greenhouse gas. This paper takes a look at the China national standard GB50189-2005, Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Public Buildings, the ASHRAE90.1 of US and the part L of UK, and then compares the similarities and differences between the three design standards. At the end, relevant suggestion to tackle these weaknesses for long-term energy efficiency development in public buildings are proposed in this paper.

Abstract: The extraction of major colors is the basis of image processing. In the process of camouflage pattern painting design, whether major colors are extracted rapidly and precisely are very important to the application. Histogram clustering and K-means clustering and ISODATA clustering are three widely using extraction algorithms. To test and compare the accuracy of the three algorithms, the definition of average color difference is introduced. Then, two representative forest land background images are used to compare the performance of three algorithms. The result shows that, ISODATA clustering algorithm is superior to other two kind of clustering algorithms.

Abstract: Aiming at the advantages and disadvantages of triangle and rhombic main truss-types and their respective scopes of application, a comparative analysis for the two commonly used truss-type formtravellers has been done. The main factors for analysis are load bearing capability, structural rigidity, steel consumption and working space. It provides a useful reference for the design and selection of the formtraveller. In addition, for the overall deformation of the formtraveller, it is structural optimized while height of column of the truss and suspenders are changed. Finally, the analysis results show the reasonable height of the column and suspender arrangement to achieve the construction target of safety and cost-effectiveness.

Abstract: Driver fatigue is a significant issue in driving safety. Large bodies of literature have examined fatigue detection methods and techniques. This paper provides a broad overview of the researches concerning related topics. So far, driver fatigue detection techniques developed can be divided into three categories, including techniques based on vehicle movement tracking, drivers behavioral features and electroencephalograph signals. In addition, a contrast between these techniques was presented and further researches were discussed.

Abstract: The Longjiang Bridge is a kilometer level suspension bridge supported by reinforced concrete towers. The towers will be founded on pile group foundation, and the project area is in a mountain region of high earthquake probability. Two seismic schemes were designed for the bridge, and two computational bridge models in full size were established, extensive studies were performed to capture the seismic response of different schemes for the earthquakes. The results show that towers composed of two curved quadrilateral hollow concrete columns are adopted for the bridge.

Abstract: Since the generation of prestressed concrete, the causes for losses of prestress have been always analyzed and studied and many achievements are made. However, as the losses of prestress result from many factors, it is very complicated to calculate various losses of prestress accurately. The formulas and methods used in the concrete codes of various countries for calculation of prestress losses vary according to their different purposes. This paper focuses on US code ACI 318-05, Eurocode EN 1992-1-1 and Chinese code GB 50010-2010 (the code for design of concrete structures), and carries out a comparative analysis in terms of losses of prestress for the three codes above.

Abstract: With the rapid construction of UHV power grid in China, the difficulty of transmission lines inspection and maintenance has increased dramatically. Thus it is urgent to adopt new technologies to replace the traditional manual mode of transmission lines inspection and maintenance. In this paper, the characteristics and applications in UHV transmission lines inspection of 3G and COFDM technology are analyzed and compared.

Abstract: Frequent spring blooms have been observed in Xiangxi Bay (XXB) at Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) since its initial filling. To identify the primary factor controlling spring blooms, in the spring of 2010 and 2011, a field monitoring plan was carried out in the area (XX) where serious blooms outbroke in XXB The environmental factors which includes Chlorophyll a (Chl-a), nutrients, water temperature, secchi depth, etc. were involved. According the comparative analysis on the environmental factors of spring 2010 and 2011 in XXB, We study the relationship between water temperature and Chl-a. The results show that the spring blooms in 2010 is earlier than that in 2011. Comparative analysis on water temperature in the two years showed that surface temperature in spring 2010 continued to rise earlier than in 2011, and also the time that surface temperature continued to rise is the same to the time Chl-a concentrations increased. When the total nitrogen (TN) concentrations decreased, relative water column stability increased, and the time that mixing depth (Z_mix) decreased were the same to the time when the surface temperature continued to rise. While the Water temperature increased, utilization of algal on nutrient , promoted development of thermal stratification, Increase of relative water column stability, and the sudden decrease of mixing depth resulted in the blooms. Rising surface temperature continued to rise was one of the primary induction factors to the spring blooms in XXB.