Papers by Keyword: Condensed Tannin

Abstract: Haemonchus contortus is gastrointestinal nematodes naturally bloodsucking the host and causing haemonchosis. To date, the prevention and treatment of haemonchosis rely on chemically anti-parasitic drugs. However, resistant to chemically anti-parasitic drug have been found in many previous studies. Therefore, the study on evaluation of total mixed ration (TMR) containing high protein content and forage with condensed tannin (CT) with bio-anthelmintic potential should be justified further. The study aims to evaluate the performance and its anti-parasitic effect of TMR towards H. contortus infection in sheep. Twenty sheep (± 1-year-old) with the average body weight of 20 kg had been randomly categorized into 5 treatments (n=4): T.1: Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott 761.50 g DM; T.2: P. purpureum cv. Mott 609.20 g DM+Artocarpus heterophyllus 284.13 g DM; T.3: P. purpureum cv. Mott 609.20 g DM+Soybean meal (SBM) 65 g DM; T.4: P. purpureum cv. Mott 609.20 g DM+A. heterophyllus 162.36 g DM+SBM 65.00 g DM; T.5: P. purpureum cv. Mott 609.20 g DM+A. heterophyllus 284.14 g DM+SBM 65.00 g DM. The diet was provided in TMR at 08:00 and 16:00, while water was provided ad libitum. The results showed that TMR feeding with high protein content and anthelmintic agents (TMR PTAA) reduced fecal egg counts by improving dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), extract ether (EE), crude fiber (CF), nitrogen free-extract (NFE) consumption and digestibility (P<0.05). It can be concluded that TMR PTAA had positive effects in improving sheep performance and have bio-anthelmintic potentiality to alternate commercial anti-parasitic drugs.

Abstract: Condensed Tannin (CT) are secondary metabolites of the plant that synthesized along the phenylpropanoid pathway. It is known to suppress CH₄emission in the rumen through protozoal defaunation as well as direct effects on methanogen bacteria. Recent studies have been reported to have anthelmintics activity to overcome gastrointestinal nematodes, appertain to theHaemonchus contortus. To obtain merits of CT, it can be applied in flour or infusion form. Infusion considered as a convenient alternative of CT application. Evaluation method to produce optimum levels of CT needs to be done for the merits of CT obtained optimally. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of leaf maturity, maceration time, and centrifuge force on CT levels produced in infusion leaf as a feed additive. Mature and immature leaves selected from Morindacitrifolia(CF), Muntingiacalabura(CA), Azadirachta indica(AZ), Hibiscus rosa sinensis (RS) and Hibiscus tiliaceus (HT).The results of this research showed that leaf age had a significant effect on CT, except on AZ and RS. Normally, CT content of immature leaf is higher than the mature leaf. CA has highest levels of CT, can be predicted because of lots of glandular trichomes in their mature leaves as a place to store secondary metabolite compounds. Optimum levels of CT from maceration occurring at 2h of immersion except on HTthat requiring 4h of immersion. Meanwhile, 372 g is the most effective centrifuge force in producing optimum CT, except in CA which requires 2.318 g. Based on this study, it can be concluded that leaf age, maceration time, and centrifuge force have a significant influence in producing an infusion with maximum CTat each stage of extraction. It is important for infusion production to contain CT in optimal amounts. This research is expected to be the first step in providing multifunctional feed additive for livestock.

Abstract: IR chemical imaging has been used to characterise the dispersion of condensed tannin additives in a biodegradable plastic, poly(butylene succinate). By mapping key FTIR absorptions, acetylated tannin was found to remain in discrete aggregates, though the outer of these particles contained a mixed phase with PBS. In particles >100 μm, PBS does not appear to ingress the tannin core, only wetting the outer region. Analysis of a second tannin derivative indicated that there was a more uniform dispersion of the additive in the PBS matrix.