Papers by Keyword: Conducting Polymer

Abstract: Beef and lamb each have a distinctive aroma. Classification of beef and lamb based on the aroma of the meat using an electronic nose. This electronic nose uses a series of sensors consisting of 6 (six) pieces and uses a Conducting Polymer. This polymer has a high resistance so it is widely used as an insulator. However, this resistance has a certain limit where the polymer surface will turn into carbon and conduct electric current if exposed to excessive electric charge. This research was conducted by taking samples of beef and lamb as test samples where these meats were placed in a closed container at room temperature. Data is taken alternately every day to find out the odor of each meat where on the first day data is taken from the odor of beef and on the second day data is taken from the odor of lamb. A two-layer neural network consisting of six input nodes and three output neurons is trained using the Kohonen algorithm with the training process completed in 31 iterations. The test was carried out 20 times for each exposure to steam from the odor of beef and lamb which was carried out alternately. The percentage of success of the system is reaching 90%.

Abstract: The electrochemical synthesis of poly (o-aminobenzyl alcohol) (PABA) coatings containing three different amounts of NiZnFe₄O₄ nanoparticle (NP) with and without 0.25 mM Schiff base (ORG) on stainless steel (SS) was carried out in 0.15 M LiClO₄ containing acetonitrile (ACN) solution. The synthesis curves of PABA-NP and PABA-ORG-NP films exhibited the different current and monomer oxidation potential values indicating the presence of NP and ORG compounds. Besides, the addition of ORG to the NP-containing synthesis solution resulted in an increase in the electropolymerization rate of the PABA film compared to the NP-containing medium alone. Indeed, SEM images of PABA-NP and PABA-ORG-NP also showed that their morphological structures were different. As a result of the evaluation of the impedance analysis, it was seen that PABA-NP and PABA-ORG-NP films provided significant physical barrier behavior to the SS electrode, in 3.5% NaCl solution. PABA-NP₂₅ and PABA-ORG-NP₂₅ coatings exhibited more protection behavior against to the move of corrosive substances to SS. The presence of both NP and ORG in the polymer coating further improved the superior protection property of the PABA film, in a longer time.

Abstract: The role of formic acid as Secondary Dopant for Poly (O-toluidine) Intrinsically Doped with Camphor Sulfonic-Acid (POT-CSA) nanoparticles were prepared by chemical polymerization had been studied. Spin coating and casting method have been used to deposit good adhesion and uniform thin films of (POT-CSA) on a glass substrates at room temperature. the properties of (POT-CSA) nanoparticles which examined by FTIR, SEM, AFM, XRD, I-V characteristics and UV-VIS. FTIR studies show the several bending and stretching modes of POT. XRD examination demonstrated that NPS. has a semi-crystalline pattern . The synthesized film well covered by the nanoparticles over the entire substrate surface, exhibits uniform, porous, and spherical granular surface morphology, A narrow size distribution is observed and the average size of particles about 80 nm. The band gap (Eg) has been determined which is equal to 3.1 ev. The room temperature conductivity of POT-CSA was 3 * 10-1 S.cm-1,which increases with increasing temperature. Electrical conductivity enhances up to three order after the secondary doping process. Keywords: POT-Chemical polymerization-Conducting polymer-SEM-AFM

Abstract: Polyaniline (PANI) has successfully been prepared by chemical oxidation polymerization of aniline monomer. The prepared polymer was confirmed by XRD. The conducting form of PANI known as emeraldine salt (ES) through different concentrations of formic acid; 0.4 mmol/ L, 2mmol/ L, 6 mmol/ L, 8 mmol/ L, 10 mmol/ L, and 12 mmol/L is prepared from its insulating emeraldine base (EB) by levels of doping. The objective is to establish a correlation between the levels of doping, the zeta potential of the suspension. Positive zeta potential values (24.75, 27, 33.25, 36.75, 40.50, and 42) mV were obtained for the various PANI suspension. This showed the acquisition of positive charges by the PANI after doping. The observation was made that zeta potential values increases as formic acid concentration increased. This was correlated using UV/VIS spectra and electrophoretic coating with the polyaniline suspensions.

Abstract: Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the unique conducting polymers due to tunable conductivity, acid-base chemistry and optical properties. In this study, commercial PANI was used to prepare PANI/shell composites to enhance the sensitivity of PANI in ammonia (NH₃) gas detection. Three types of waste shells were utilized to incorporate into the PANI matrix such as egg shells (ES), crab shells (CS) and mussel shells (MS). The characterizations were done by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of CaCO₃ in the PANI/shell composites’ backbone. Whereas, UV-Vis spectra further confirmed the PANI/shell composites were in the doped state by exhibiting a characteristic peak at ~790-820 nm. Sensor performance of commercial PANI and PANI/shell composite films were studied in terms of sensor measurement and sensor performances (selectivity, reusability and long-term stability). The sensor performances of commercial PANI, PANI/ES and PANI/CS exhibited correlation coefficient of >0.95. In addition, commercial PANI and PANI/CS films exhibited good selectivity for NH₃ gas detection in the presence of interfering gases. In conclusion, PANI/shell composites were successfully prepared for NH₃ gas detection and PANI/CS exhibited the highest sensitivity compared to other films.

Abstract: Polyaniline (PANI) was prepared by chemical oxidation of aniline for formation of stable colloidal suspension. The suspension was prepared by dispersion of PANI/HCOOH stock solution into acetonitrile. The stable suspension of positively charged PANI colloids was deposited by applying electrophoretic technique on the surface of copper sheet. The coatings obtained were adherent to the copper substrate. The effect of operating parameters such as the deposition time, the concentration of solids in the colloidal suspension, and the voltage applied were examined on the deposition efficiency. The efficacy of the coated layer in corrosion resistance was evaluated using potentiodynamic (Tafel) polarization with a scan rate of-500 to +500 mV. The annealed PANI coated layer showed the highest corrosion efficiency of 86.5% followed by the normal PANI coated layer with inhibition efficiency of 84.4%. The mean roughness and the 3-D morphology of the obtained coated layers from the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) were used to explain the surface energy of the coated layers. The rms values obtained for bare copper, annealed PANI coated layer, and the normal PANI coated layer were 63 nm, 182 nm, and 254 nm respectively. The characteristics of the coated surface were examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) which indicated a porous layer on the surface of the copper. The crystallographic structure of the coated layers were examined using XRD.

Abstract: This study deals with the evaluation of self-healing ability of conducting polymer corresponding to a corrosion process. Poly ortho-anisidine (PoA) was doped with Phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) and Tungstosilicic acid (TSA) and incorporated in polyvinyl butyral (PVB) coatings. The self-healing abilities of coatings were evaluated using open circuit potential (OCP) in 0.1 M NaCl solution for 45 hours of immersion. The coatings containing doped PoA showed increased positive potential of OCP after 45 hours of immersion as compare toblank PVB which showed a constant profile of OCP over the time indicating uniform corrosion under the coating.Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that PoA doped with TSA is more stable and more effective in the coating. High resolution Transmission Electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirms the doping of PoA.

Abstract: The characteristics of the asymmetric artificial muscles, PPy-ClO₄/tape, PPy-DBS/tape and PPy-ClO₄/PPy-DBS worked in 0.5 M NaClO₄ aqueous solutions were discussed by the dynamo-voltammetric responses, coulo-dynamic Evolution responses and the bending angle per unit of consumed charge and the cooperative dynamic effects of PPy-ClO₄/PPy-DBS artificial muscles is clarified. In the PPy-ClO₄/PPy-DBS asymmetric bilayer artificial muscles, the PPy-ClO₄ layer shrinks and PPy-DBS layer swells during reduction and the PPy-ClO₄ layer swells and PPy-DBS layer shrinks during oxidation. The artificial muscle originates cooperative dynamic bending actuation of the constituent layers (swelling/shrinking or shrinking/swelling) and achieves the larger bending amplitude than those of the PPy-ClO₄/tape and the PPy-DBS/tape. The bending angle per unit of consumed charge on the PPy-ClO₄/tape and PPy-DBS/tape is 3.240 and 2.85, respectively, and the cooperative dynamic effect on PPy-ClO₄/PPy-DBS is 8.257. In case of NaCl having same level bending angle per unit of consumed charge on PPy-DBS/tape, 2.396, the cooperative dynamic effect on PPy-ClO₄/PPy-DBS is just 3.868. Because the bending angle per unit of consumed charge on PPy-ClO₄/tape is very low, 0.101. Actually, the cooperative dynamic effect on PPy-ClO₄/PPy-DBS in Na₂CO₃ is 5.184 and is larger than that in NaCl even the bending angle per unit of consumed charge on PPy-DBS is lower than that on NaCl. The expansion and contraction of the PPy-ClO₄ film dominates the reaction-driven bending motion and those of the PPy-DBS have a minor influence on the bending actuation.

Abstract: In this work, poly(2-aminothiazole) (P2AT) was synthesized by chemical oxidation method using 2-aminothiazole as the monomer. The polymerization was initiated using three different oxidants, CuCl2, FeCl3 and (NH4)2S2O8. The results suggested that the monomer was easily polymerized and higher yields were achieved when CuCl2 was used as the oxidant. The effects of reaction time and polymerization temperature on the yield of polymerization using CuCl2 were investigated. The polymerization yield of the P2ATs was 25.2 % at oxidant/monomer molar ratio of 0.1 for 24 h in the copper chloride /deionized water. The P2ATs were characterized by FT-IR, UV-vis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Abstract: Super capacitor, as a new type of power storage device, has been applied to various fields. This paper divides composite electrode materials of super capacitor into three main types. For each type, this paper analyses its performance, advantages and prospect. At last, a conclusion is drawn that it is a tendency to apply composite electrode materials to use for better performance capacitors.