Papers by Keyword: Conservation

Abstract: This study aims to assess the diversity of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) at the location of the PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy (PGE) Lumut Balai Geothermal powerplant, Muara Enim, South Sumatra. This rapid survey was carried out on 4-15 June 2023, taking place in 7 locations namely Cluster 5, Cluster 6, Cluster 7, Cluster 9, Cluster 10, APL 17 and APL 18. The method used is the direct observation method by walking along a 1000 meter transect line (Yustian et al., 2017) in each type of habitat (secondary forest, mixed shrub secondary forest, coffee plantation , open areas and secondary forests near to rivers/water sources). The results obtained in this rapid survey are that there are 5 butterfly families consisting of Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae, Hesperiidae and Lycaenidae with a total of 51 species and 254 individuals. The highest diversity index based on Shannon's diversity index and Margaleff's species richness index is in APL 17 with a secondary forest habitat type near to coffee plantations (H'=3.14, R=7.08) and the lowest is in Cluster 9 (H'=2.11, R=3.23) which is a secondary forest near to a geothermal power plant. Meanwhile, the highest evenness index was found in APL 17 (E=0.97) and the lowest in Cluster 7 (E=0.87) with a riparian habitat type. During the research, protected species were recorded, namely Troides amphrysus and Troides helena.

Abstract: Ancient archaeological sites contain numerous pottery objects that suffered from different deterioration factors. This study aims to use different analytical methods to study the chemical and mineralogical composition and identification of deterioration aspects of some ancient Egyptian pottery jars from Saqqara excavation. Thus, to explain the deterioration factors' mechanisms and apply the proper conservation methods to the deteriorated pottery jars. AutoCAD, digital microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDX), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to clarify the preservation states of pottery jars. The results of the investigation revealed that the selected jars suffered from different cracks, salts crystallization, some surface black spots, separation of the slip layer, and heterogeneity in the grains size. XRD analysis revealed that quartz, diopside, illite, muscovite, orthoclase, anorthite, and hematite are the main components of the jars. SEM-EDX analysis showed high concentrations of chlorides and sulfate salts, besides the presence of manganese oxide. Different treatments were performed for the pottery jars include mechanical and chemical cleaning. Additionally, the completion process was done by using a mixture of dental gypsum with grog. Moreover, the consolidation process was achieved by using paraloid B-72.

Abstract: Through the observation of the set of monuments of cultural heritage built in stone, it can be seen important ornamental or covering applications. From macroscopic descriptions performed in these monuments, a great variety and different intensities of alteration processes are observed, mainly when comparisons are made between monuments located in large and small urban centers. These alterations and degradations, in part conditioned by the mineralogical composition and the structures present in these stone materials, are strongly influenced by the conditions of the environment. In general, the set of alterations and degradations observed are those related to the decomposition of the minerals that make up these rocks. Based on these in-situ investigations, diagnostics can be produced on the degree of degradation of stone materials and recommendations for their conservation

Abstract: In most schools of engineering, this is among the first interdisciplinary courses that third-year undergraduate students are likely to attend. This presents formidable challenges because any discussion of diffusion phenomena draws heavily on prior knowledge of physics, chemistry, and mathematics. In our traditionally inadequate way of teaching, these disciplines are presented as self-contained, autonomous units. Yet it should be the purpose of any instructor of diffusion theory and practice to show how they may be integrated. Heuristic arguments are certainly appealing — thus recommended — but the methods and tools to be developed must be robust enough to not immediately crumble with use. In that connection, attention to a known and consistent notation is vital. Furthermore, one cannot expect these students to be fully familiar with partial differential equations, and yet, that’s the very nature of the diffusion equation. Its properties must be explained. Finally, diffusion in solids suffers from a bewildering variety of “diffusion coefficients." These must be carefully defined and distinguished. A version of my class-notes will be included in my web-site within a few weeks (just type my name in Google). You are most welcome.

Abstract: In this article, the authors presented two examples of the reconstruction of medieval masonry ramparts in Nowogrodziec and Gryfów Śląski (Lower-Silesia, Poland). The authors elaborated a schedule for the reinforcement and the reconstruction of permanent medieval monastery ruins in Nowogrodziec and a way to reinforce the medieval city walls in Gryfów. [1, 2]. The authors have also proposed the reinforcement by using "Reticolatus" system. The "Reticolatus" system, developed in Italy for strengthening 3-layer walls against seismic influence, could be used separately or in addition to other techniques of reinforcement, especially in irregular masonry structures. The proposed technique allows for increasing compressive and shear strength. This method also allows for using the original material of the building with preservation and protection of historical, monumental and architectural character of the reinforcement construction.

Abstract: The paper deals with the stabilization, conservation and strengthening of historic plaster fabrics based on nanofibres. As a result of degradation processes, especially of a chemical nature accompanied by increased humidity historic masonry, there is a loss of cohesion and disturbance od the surface finish and plaster. Traditional remediation techniques and methods normally lead to a reduction of diffuse permeability in multiphase structure and create different expansion properties under the plaster. The undesirable features of these methods are their irreversible character. Currently, there are primarily preferred procedures which stabilize the structure of the external finishes and at the same time preserve the original features of the historical plasters. The paper will be listed in the partial results of the ongoing in-situ and laboratory research applications of fabric based on nanofibres, which are formed by the supporting layer and spinning polymer.

Abstract: This paper aims to focus on the attitude and responses of the stakeholders on the importance of preserving the non-use value of cultural heritage for George Town, Penang World Heritage Site (GPWHS) conservation. This research has examined the possibilities of several attitudes of the stakeholders in explaining the importance of preserving the non-use value for the GPWHS conservation. Pearson’s Correlation and Multiple Linear Regressions were used in predicting the dependent variable using a set of several independent variables. The purpose of the correlation test was to prove whether the correlation between the dimensions of the independent variables has had any influence on the non-use value of cultural heritage for the GPWHS conservation. A face-to-face interviewing technique using the structured CV questionnaire aided by photo images-supported was applied in this survey. The numbers of completed questionnaires were 294 from local residents and 147 from tourists (domestic and foreign) in GTWHS. This paper reveals that there was a relationship between the local stakeholders’ attitude and responses on the importance of preserving the non-use value and the WTP value for the GTWHS conservation.

Abstract: Bali Island is known not only for its culture and flourish of nature, but it is also for its traditional architecture which is embedded by the traditional philosophies including Tri Hita Karana, Tri Angga, Tri Loka etc. The Indigenous villages, as rural settlements, disclose their Indigenous traditions and values of Balinese culture and architecture which have been inherited from generation to generation. Many scholars have documented the Indigenous villages of Bali in relation to the nature, socio-culture, norms, as well as its architecture. In this paper, through an extensive literature review, and the use of observation, interview and documentation of extant Indigenous villages in Bali, the author explores how the village pattern is relational to the housing pattern in the Indigenous villages in Bali within the landscape that is Bali Island.

Abstract: Sustainability has become a fundamental requirement in every aspect of architecture nowadays and heavily considered to be one of the criteria to determine whether a building is “good” or not. In essence, sustainable architecture aims to minimize the negative impact of buildings on the environment by emphasizing on efficiency and moderation in energy use. Sustainability is often associated with high end technology and inventions, from simple technology until various complex mechanisms and systems, but there are still many alternative ways to achieve sustainability in many senses. This paper takes on an approach on building conservation as an alternative mean to achieve sustainability. Why build another new energy-consuming building if we can benefit from an already existing building This research emphasizes on the method of practicing building conservation through an integrated framework between a value-based approach and a thorough analysis of the theory of architecture and its elements. Done in the right way, architectural conservation can also take part in lowering the potential use of energy and create a good and integrated sustainable building. The Gedung Aula Barat in the Institut Teknologi Bandung campus block, Bandung, is used as a case study in this research to better explain the whole approach.

Abstract: There are new buildings replacing the stock of pre-war shophouses due to the result of the city urbanisation as well as economy pressures in Kuala Lumpur. Kuala Lumpur Chinatown (KLC) is one of the most visited tourist in the city of Kuala Lumpur due to its local heritage and unique character. However, the KLC’s economic growth and problem of commercialisation is overriding the heritage elements in KLC are apparent. This can be seen through the number of pre-war shophouses reducing, the sign of deterioration by lacking of maintenance, replacement by new tall buildings and et cetera. There is a need to revisiting users’ devaluation of pre-war shophouses (facades) in KLC. The study focuses in KLC which has encompassed Petaling Street, Tun H.S. Lee Street, Sultan Street and, Tun Tan Cheng Lock Street. KLC is not merely a famous tourist spot but also having its historical and heritage values, especially the facades elements. These facades referred as tangible heritage element which has formed the uniqueness to the city of Kuala Lumpur. Despite those shophouse facades’ elements in KLC having historical and heritage values, the activity of demolition, deterioration and façade modification in KLC is signalling the users’ devaluation of pre-war shophouses in KLC. The stock of pre-war shophouses could diminished eventually if there is no proper old building protection steps being carried out, such as restoration and conservation. Besides, the paper would discuss the possibility and appropriate steps for pre-war shophouses façade elements preservation as to be carried out in parallel with city urbanisation.