Papers by Keyword: Continuous

Abstract: In this study, the commercial grade of ethanol was used to produce the biodiesel from refined palm oil (RPO) through the continuous static mixer system. The ethanol, an alternative alcohol to adopt in the ethyl ester production, can be used instead of methanol, and this alcohol is more eco-friendly than methanol. The 6-meter in length of SUS304 static mixer reactor is an essential part of mixing the RPO and solution of ethanol and potassium hydroxide to accelerate the base-catalyzed transesterification. The ethanol were varied at the volumetric flow rate of 30, 40, 50, 60 vol.%, KOH as base-catalyst was varied with the weight to volume of oil of 10,12,14 gKOH.L^-1, to investigate the suitable condition which can converted the glycerides to the maximum purity of ethyl ester. The results showed that all varied conditions, the ethyl ester conversion was rapidly increased from 0 to over 95 wt.% when the flowing mixtures flowed through the 1 meter of static mixer. Furthermore, the highest purity of ethyl ester from RPO was succeeded when the condition: the 60 vol.% ethanol, the 14 gKOH.L^-1 of catalyst, 5-meter of static mixer, and 75 oC temperature of RPO, was used in the continuous static mixer.

Abstract: This article discussed the compound function of the integrability from three kinds of integrable function. Two function constitute a composite function ,one of them is the Riemann integrable, through another continuity of function or its derivative continuity, boundedness to get a conclusion whether composite function Riemann is integrable, and the conclusion of literature [1] are generalized.

Abstract: The basis of the rolling process parameters of large size spring steel for the simulation calculation,the finite element model was establishe. the calculation results reveal the reasons about the billet heap and the low precision products, the rolling program file about continuous rolling pass and technology of the rolling mill was revised and perfected, the continuity and stability of the large size spring flat steel in continuous slotless roughing rolling is improved greatly, and the unit operation efficiency increased.

Abstract: This article is mainly aimed at the characteristics of an interactive product design from several aspects of induction and summary for the interactive product design providing a new train of thought and form of expression, which is to rise to the behavior of the interactive product design to understand the level of culture, further to explore the harmonious and sustainable development between people and people, people and products, people and the environment, which provides the direction for the development of interactive product design in the future .

Abstract: This paper converts a NURBS curve to piecewise rational Bézier curves by knot insertion algorithm, and then discusses the algorithm of continuous connection of NURBS curves. Meanwhile, explores the method to keep the same shape of the NURBS curves after connecting through the point translation and vector rotation theory. Finally, gives an instance to verify the validity of the algorithm.

Abstract: The application of navigation, such as guidance of pedestrians, requires a certain accuracy of continuous outdoor and indoor positioning. In outdoor environments GPS system has proved to be effective. However in indoor it is challenging to control the accuracy within 2 to 3 meters. At present several approaches have been developed for indoor positioning, such as RFID. But they are mainly been implemented in professional areas, for general user such as tourists and visual incapable users it is difficult to take advantage of these technologies because of the high price of terminal and the navigation service covered area is extremely limited. In this paper, a new approach of indoor navigation method is proposed to solve the problems of traditional methods. It is based on INS and wifi positioning technology. As hardware, wifi receiver, smart phone built-in accelerometer and digital compass are selected and investigated. User’s indoor position is first estimated by dead reckoning method with INS navigation system and then be recalibrated by wifi position information. Several experiments performed in the test verified the effectiveness of this indoor continuous positioning method described in this paper.

Abstract: Temperature generated on the tool-workpiece has significant effect on the cutting performance. This paper present the tool-workpiece temperature result recorded by thermal imaging camera with various cutting parameter applied. The machining was done on ASSAB 720 steel workpiece for continuous and interrupted cutting. Generally, as the cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut increases, the tool-workpiece temperature for both continuous and interrupted cutting will increase. Specifically, cutting speed increase from 250m/min to 350 m/min, tool-workpiece temperature increase about 25% at each increment level. The tool-workpiece temperature increase about 16% when the feed rate increases from 0.1 mm/rev to 0.2mm/rev. While, 27% increment was recorded when feed rate increase to 0.4 mm/rev. With the increase of depth of cut, the tool-workpiece temperature recorded an increment between 50oC to 65oC for both continuous and interrupted cutting.

Abstract: The creative thinking of the pressure -continuously-regulating device based on a NC rotary valve is introduced. Its inner structure, operating principle and technical feature are given out. The equation that gas flow and pressure changed with the rotation angle of the valve core is provided too. Stepper motor is used as its actuating device in this creative pressure -continuously-regulating device whose basic component is the specially designed, such as valve body, valve core and some common connections. Orifice area is changed by rotating the valve core controlled with a PC-controlled stepper motor which, and then an accurate adjustment of flow rate is thus ensured. As the change of the rotation angle is continuous, the flow rate also changes continuously, so the change of the pressure must be continuous.

Abstract: Annealing behaviour was studied in deformed copper developed by continuous or discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (cDRX or dDRX). Pure copper was deformed to large strains by multi-directional forging at room temperature, resulting in an ultra-fine grained structure due to operation of cDRX. Subsequent annealing of such a fine-grained copper can be controlled mainly by grain growth accompanied with recovery and no texture change, that is continuous static recrystallization (cSRX). On the other hand, 4 kinds of static restoration processes operate during annealing of dDRXed copper, i.e. metadaynamic recovery and recystallization (mDRV and mDRX), and classical static recovery and recrystallization. The stable existence of mDRVed grains containing moderate dislocations leads to incomplete recrystallization even after a long period of annealing time. It is discussed how such various types of annealing processes, occurring in cDRXed or dDRXed matrices, can be connected with the characteristic nature of the deformed microstructures.

Abstract: Detailed investigations have been carried out [1,2] on the response of microparticles and nanoparticles to lasers of various pulse durations and energies. A first principles model has been developed that allows the prediction of all thermo-mechanical effects that will be generated from any laser pulse, such as pressure generation and phase changes. This theoretical work also predicts the thermo-mechanical effects transmitted to the surrounding transparent medium that the nanoparticles are immersed in, such as water or a solid polymer. The use of short enough pulses produces shock fronts in the surrounding medium. We calculate how short the laser pulse must be as a function of nanoparticles properties. We also show that measurements of pressure peaks in the medium can be used to determine the thermo-mechanical properties of the absorbing nanoparticles, such as bulk modulus and thermal expansion coefficient. Because the measurements can be made in the surrounding medium, they are easier to perform experimentally. Using this approach on particles of decreasing size, measurements of the pressure in the medium allow the determination of the size at which a nanoparticle is small enough to deviate from its bulk behavior and manifest discrete atom, finite size effects. This allows the prediction of how the thermo-mechanical properties of nanoparticles will change as their size decreases.