Papers by Keyword: Control System

Abstract: This paper presents the comprehensive design and integration of the charging system, power train, and control system for a solar-powered geared tricycle, aimed at providing a sustainable and energy-efficient mode of transport. The tricycle is powered by a photovoltaic (PV) charging system, which includes a solar panel array, charge controller, and battery storage system designed for optimal energy harvesting and utilization under variable solar conditions. The power train incorporates a DC motor in combination with a manually operated gear system, allowing both electric and human propulsion to enhance range and performance. The control system features a microcontroller-based unit that manages motor speed, power distribution, battery monitoring, and safety protocols through real-time feedback mechanisms.This hybrid configuration not only maximizes energy efficiency and reliability but also ensures ease of use and adaptability in urban and semi-urban environments. The incorporated solar charging indicates significant improvements in energy autonomy, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact compared to conventional fuel-powered tricycles. The work demonstrates the viability of integrating renewable energy with smart control systems in low-speed electric tricycle for transportation.

Abstract: As China's mechanical and electrical equipment manufacturing capacity improves and the international political environment changes, more and more mechanical and electrical equipment manufacturers are actively deploying overseas exports of equipment or investing overseas to build factories. The larger market size offers enterprises broader development space and a higher profit level. However, at the same time, due to factors such as incompatibility of domestic and foreign standards and differences in usage habits, various problems have emerged during the process of being put into use overseas. Based on visits to several equipment enterprises and focusing on the equipment control system, this paper summarizes various issues related to equipment export, including environmental protection, certification, and services. It provides suggestions for reference in terms of close cooperation from manufacturers to end-users, refinement of domestic and foreign industry certification systems, competitiveness of overseas sales, logistics policies, and mutual support among industries. It is hoped that this can be helpful for the equipment development and export business of equipment manufacturing enterprises.

Abstract: As the treat landscape in Operational Technology (OT) cyber security is getting more complicated, there is a general demand in most industries to increase the Target Security Level (SL-T) of Industry Automation and Control Systems (IACS). More sophisticated treat actors with higher motivation are on stage, and treat actors are getting increasingly familiar with IACS. Yet some security controls, widely used in Information Technology, are often hard to implement in IACS. Inability to go away from obsolete Operational System (OS), using shared accounts for operators, limited applicability of security patching, limited applicability of multifactor authentication, Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) are specific challenges of IACS security, caused mainly by real time operation and safety requirements. One way to reach SL-T is introducing compensating controls. For instance, if the use of an obsolete, unpatched SCADA system is unavoidable, security monitoring or physical security can be increased to compensate the lack of direct control. This paper aims to elaborate the compensating effect of continuous authentication as a mean of Identification and Authentication (I&A) for the operating room workstations of obsolete SCADA and DCS systems.

Abstract: Isolation rooms prevent the spread of airborne diseases from infected people to others. These rooms have a system that keeps them clean by managing the air circulation, temperature, and humidity. This study creates a prediction model for an automated control system that adjusts the temperature in an isolation room by modifying the air supply with a damper. The control system relies on a machine learning model that uses sensor readings data as inputs and damper output data as outputs to change the airflow to the isolation room with a data collection using a closed loop algorithm control system. The data from the experiment are used to train and test different machine learning models such as K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Random Forest, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, and Support vector machine (SVM). The performance of the damper control prediction is assessed by accuracy, recall, F1 score, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) / Area Under Curve (AUC). In this study, the KNN model performs best with accuracy, recall, and F1 score values of 0.84, 0.95, and 0.81, respectively.

Abstract: The extraordinary swimming capacity of fish in nature makes them unique among Allah's creations. It is extremely difficult for a robotic system to achieve fish-like swimming behaviors, especially in terms of swimming performance. Many fish use their pectoral fins to provide thrust over a wide speed range and to carry out tricky maneuvers. In this paper, we report a robotic fish that can travel forward and backward using its propulsion system. In this report, the creation of a conceptual design for an interactive fish robot took into account a number of factors, including swimming ability, leakage testing, and motion controller. This needed considerable mechanical design work, and the result is a quick-return mechanism for the fish's body. We made the decision to divide the body into the head, body, and tail. In order to create the propulsion system, we employed five servo motors. Finally, controlling the robot's motion is absolutely essential, especially if there is an obstruction in its path. The servo controller, which is located at the fish's head, serves as the primary controller for all of the motors and sensors.

Abstract: Conventional systems are electrical, electro mechanical and heavy-duty industry appliance relying on monitoring, reporting, alert mechanism that are manual or semi-automated for services. As the number of systems increase, the services to these conventional systems are labor intensive, adds complexity and service time is a challenge. Internet of Things (IoT) bridges the physical world data to applications in cloud and acts as a critical interface for driving the Digital Infrastructure for organizations. Current IoT systems design is largely driven by the edge environmental parameters and requirements from software-based applications in the cloud. The constraints of the design that are governed by resources available at the edge. There are multiple use cases for IoT which includes Enterprise, consumer and Industrial applications. The design requirements such as Availability, Security, Energy savings & safety have to be considered for enabling smartness for the conventional systems which also influences cost and resources of support infrastructure. In this paper the modelling design parameters such as availability in service based smart systems is discussed and detailed using mathematical models.

Abstract: Premature babies who are born alive before 37th week of gestation or babies born with weight criteria of less than 2500 grams need to be treated in an infant incubator because they are very susceptible to viruses in open spaces and will provide protection to newborns by providing premature babies stable temperature and humidity. Stable temperature regulation is needed to prevent hypothermia or hyperthermia that will occur in premature babies. Care of the baby in an infant incubator causes the separation of mother and baby. Mothers who have premature babies are found to lack trust in caring for their babies compared to mothers who have term babies. The purpose of this study was to analysis of temperature on baby incubator control system. In order to get a stable and precise temperature, the temperature sensor is positioned according to the standard of the baby incubator at the hospital. This research uses LM35 and DS18B20 temperature sensors which will be processed using Atmega 328 Microcontroller and will be displayed on a PC (personal computer). Based on the measurement results obtained an average value of min difference for sensor readings on the LM35 has the largest value of 0.22°C and the average max value difference has the largest value of 0.38°C and the average value of the min difference for the sensor readings on the LM35 has a value the largest is 0.39°C and the average difference in the value of max has the largest value that is 0.55°C. It can be concluded that the LM35 sensor is better than the DS18B20 sensor because it has smaller oscillations and also good accuracy. The results of this study can be implemented in infant incubators in accordance with established standards and can be produced at affordable prices in the domestic market.

Abstract: The block diagram and algorithm for concrete treating in thermoactive formwork is presented. Article presents parameters of the concrete mix, to enter in a command block before automated heating of the concrete mix in thermoactive formwork in accordance with the schedule of changes in concrete temperature in the process of obtaining desired strength. Article formulates mathematical model of the control object for thermal treatment of concrete with consideration of the specifics and general patterns, processes and technological requirements. Article determined control actions, transfer functions of the object and phase graph of the control system.

Abstract: Although aircraft carriers operating in the seas have developed considerably from a constructive point of view, naval aviation continues to face significant challenges due to short runways, often in motion or unpredictable weather conditions, as a rule. This paper aims to analyze the concept of aircraft's rapid deceleration to landing, as well as to study the dynamic behavior of the aircraft restraint system used by aircraft carriers.

Abstract: The first HTSC alternators developed and tested mainly contained the bulks on the rotor. The presentation covers the problem of HTSC bulks magnetizing control in an assembled cryogenic alternator with axial flux. Cylindrical bulks are positioned on the rotor of a synchronous machine and form a multi-pole excitation system. The trapped magnetic field may vary under a number of processes, magnetic flux creep included. A special system to control the value of bulk magnetization and the temperature in the cryogenic zone is developed. Similar system may by applied in cryogenic disc-type alternators with permanent magnets on the rotor.