Papers by Keyword: Cosmic Structure

Abstract: The goal of this work is to describe the cosmic micromechanics connection with irreversible deformation processes in spatially extended polycrystalline systems, where the nature of the crystalline structure of the universe in a relativistic framework at Max Plank scale and Edwin Hubble scale play and important role. In this physical construction by applying the theoretical model of Muñoz-Andrade the activation energy for irreversible deformation processes in spatially extended polycrystalline systems is obtained. Consequently, the main results of this work are analyzed in the context of the unified interpretation of Hubble flow, plastic flow and super plastic flow.

Abstract: A unified interpretation of super plastic flow (SPF) and cosmic micromechanics in spatially extended single and polycrystalline systems (SESPS) allows determined that the nature of the hyperbolic granular flow in SESPS is assisted by the movement of dislocations as the pattern of the inner dimension flow. Consequently in this work a mathematical model related with relativistic cosmology and quantum mechanics is used in order to obtain the activation energy for super plastic flow in SESPS. This correspondence law between SPF and cosmic micromechanics is important in the light of recent cosmological theories of the existence of dark matter and dark energy in the cosmic structure, because in this new interpretation of the universe the planets, stars, galaxies, clusters of galaxies, etc., are considered as precipitates on dislocations in the cosmic structure, which is formed in a nature way by the dark matter and dark energy, in a similar form of precipitates on dislocations in a SESPS of metals. Physically in this context the expansion process of the universe is highly dependent upon the volume fraction, size and distribution of precipitates on dislocations in the cosmic structure. Therefore, in this work the main results obtained in cosmic micromechanics and cosmic macromechanics are related with the Max Planck’s scale (MPE) and Edwin Hubble’s scale (EHS) respectively.

Abstract: In connection with ancient and recent view on cosmology, it is interesting to note that our universe could be a spherical crystal and it moves as a crystal in a relative position with others spherical universes, where the Burgers vector for cellular dislocations dynamics is the Hubble length: λH=1.32x1026m. The expansion process of this polycrystalline spatially extended system obey the hyperbolic granular flow, which it is due to an accelerated motion manifested during the deformation process of super plastic advanced structural universes in a similar behaviour of super plastic advanced structural materials. Consequently, in this work the phenomenology and mechanics of super plastic flow are analyzed in the context of the unified interpretation of Hubble flow, plastic flow and super plastic flow, where the combination of fundamentals constants with the natural Planck length, allows obtain in a closed agreement with the Orowan equation the magnitude of the nature Burgers vector of dislocation in the cosmic structure for the universe as follow: 1.62 10 . 35 3 0 x m c H G b P − ⊥ ⊥ ⊥ = = = = h λ ρ ν Where, b⊥ = magnitude of the nature Burgers vector for the universe (b⊥ = 1.62x10-35m), λP = Planck length (λP = 1.62x10-35m), H0 = the Hubble parameter (H0=70 (km/sec)/Mpc = 2.26854593 x10-18s-1), ρ⊥ = dislocation density (ρ⊥ = 1.273x1011 dislocations/m2) in the universe. ν⊥ = the recession velocity of galaxies related with dislocations dynamics in the cosmic structure (ν⊥ = 1100x103 m/s, it is the recession velocity of the Virgo super cluster at 16 Mpc distance). h = h / 2π . Here h = the Planck constant (h = 6.6262x10-34 Joule-s), G = the Newtonian constant (G = 6.67259x10-11 m3/kg s2) and c = the speed of light (c = 299 792 458 m/s) [1-3].

Abstract: Everything in the universe is a result of their own evolution, in consequence all advanced structural materials are physical objects spatially extended in a permanently cosmic connection with the advanced structural universe. In this context, the nature expansion rate of the universe (ξ u) was obtained in a similar way of super plastic flow in terms of the rate reaction theory, with the strong temperature dependence of strain rate as follow: exp 70( / sec)/ 2.26854593 . 18 1 0 − − = =         −         = = km Mpc s kT c Q H P P P u λ ξ Where, QP = the Planck activation energy of the system at the Planck scale (QP = 1.221x1028eV), λP = Planck length (λP = 1.62x10-35m), c = the speed of light (c = 299 792 458 m/s), (c/λP) = the overall frequency factor, k = the Boltzmann constant (k = 8.617x10-5eV/K), TP = the Planck temperature (TP = 1.010285625x1030K) and H0 = the Hubble constant. On the basis of this mathematical expression and their combination with the Orowan equation, it was obtained the mathematical model to predict the activation energy (Q) that is necessary to the glide cellular dislocations during deformation of the super plastic advanced structural materials. Consequently, in this work the application of this mathematical model for super plastic flow in advanced structural materials and the concept of cellular dislocation are reviewed in order to integrate in a general form the unified interpretation of Hubble flow, plastic flow and super plastic flow [1-3].

Abstract: In general, the mechanical behavior of superplastic spatially extended crystalline systems (SP-SECS) is characterized by a sigmoidal relationship between the applied stress and the steady state strain rate. The sigmoidal curve is defined by three regions: low stress - region I, intermediate stress or superplastic - region II and high stress - region III. The region I is known as the region where the threshold stress exists, but there are controversies on their existence. In this way, some experimental results reported in the past are analyzed. Earlier investigations have reported the apparent activation energy for creep in SP-SECS as a function of the applied stress, where it is exhibited a marked dependence of impurities or precipitates concentration. In addition, recent experimental evidences have revealed that the unified interpretation of creep, plasticity and superplasticity is the deductive rule [1]. In order to describe the interaction between precipitates at grain boundaries and dislocations during deformation processes a phenomenological expression for the threshold stress at the Grain Boundary in SP-SECS is described in this work.