Papers by Keyword: Cutting Tools

Abstract: Metal nitride and binary metal nitride coatings have been widely applied to cemented tungsten carbide (WC) cutting tools to enhance tool life and productivity in machining applications. In this study we report the use of micro-Raman spectroscopy to understand the tribological behavior of one such coating, namely, AlCrN coated cemented WC pins dry sliding on hardened steel (HCHCR) discs. The tribo-testing parameters were chosen based on a correspondence with the cutting force and the cutting speed on a specific machining application. Well-resolved lattice vibrations, arising from the acoustic and optical phonon bands of the crystalline AlCrN coatings, are clearly discernable in the Raman spectra measured on pristine pins. These characteristic signals are utilized to assess the changes occurring in the coatings after tribological experiments. Spatially-resolved, micro-Raman spectra measured on tribo-tested pins suggest that predominantly the AlCrN coatings are intact under the tribological conditions tested here, except for a small region in the middle of the wear scar where the coating appears to have worn off. These spectra also reveal that wear debris composed of iron oxides particles adhered to the pin surface during the tribological testing. Time evolution of the microscopic wear and the adhered oxide layer, were further studied by acquiring Raman spectra through stop-start tribo-tests at different intervals of time. These spectra apart from revealing the evolution of microscopic wear of the coating, also reveal the transitory nature of the iron oxides deposited during the tribo-tests. Deposits of Fe₂O₃ that are initially adhered to the pin surface appear to transform possibly into Fe₃O₄ over a period of time. These spectral observations are discussed in light of the tribological data.

Abstract: A modification cutting tool is a type of cutting tool that can be altered or adjusted to change its cutting properties. This can include changing the angle or shape of the cutting edge, adjusting the depth of cut, or modifying the material or coating used on the tool. These modifications allow for greater precision and efficiency in cutting operations, particularly in industries for manufacturing and construction different products. Ceramic materials can be used in coatings to provide a variety of benefits, such as corrosion, wear resistance , and thermal insulation. They also offer high hardness, low friction, and chemical stability. Ceramic coatings can be applied to various substrates including metals and ceramic. Modification of cutting tools using nanomaterial deposition is a promising approach to enhance their performance and durability. The process involves depositing one or more layer of nanosized particles onto the surface of the cutting tool, which can improve its mechanical, thermal, and tribological properties. Keywords: Ceramic materials ; coating ;cutting tools; coating process.

Abstract: The design of the screw for osteosynthesis of the spine was developed. The requirements that apply to medical devices of this type were taken into account. The 3D model of the screw was developed in the Siemens NX CAD system. Route technological process of processing and technology for manufacturing a polyaxial pedicle screw using high-performance equipment was developed. Progressive cutting tools providing high processing productivity, specified dimensional accuracy and quality of the processed surface, were selected. The geometry of the tool cutting part was optimized, the material of the tool was selected. Geometric parameters and quality control were carried out using modern measuring equipment. The developed technology for the manufacture of a screw for osteosynthesis made it possible to minimize the labor intensity of production.

Abstract: The article discusses the possibility of using pulsed laser ablation of nanosecond duration to modify the surface of a cutting tool after regrinding and restoration. Experimental studies of the resistance characteristics of cutting tools with modified surfaces via laser ablation in air and in liquid have been carried out. It was found that after modifying the surface of cutting plates via laser ablation in air, the wear on the trailing surface of the cutting tool at a processing speed of V = 50 m/min is 8 times less than that of the untreated one, the build-up is 20 times less. The wear of the trailing surface of the plates at V = 70 m/min is 2 times less than that of the untreated sample. The resistance studies show surface modification of the cutting tool increases the tool life of the remanufactured tool, overall tool life and savings in tool costs.

Abstract: The paper describes briefly the historical development and presents in more detail solid-state properties such as hardness, heat conductivity, thermal expansion and mechanical properties of titanium carbonitride Ti (C,N), the basis of the hard phase of cermets. The metallurgy of Ti (C,N)-based cermets with respect to microstructure formation during sintering and the impact on properties are presented in more detail. The various influences such as W and/or Mo content, Mo/W ratio, C content and C/N ratio, binder phase content and binder phase composition (Co/Ni), sintering time, dwell time, alloy state of powders and grain size were critically evaluated and are presented in form of fracture toughness vs. hardness graphs. A table gives a reference list on the study of these influences. TRS data on cermets were collected and summarised in a separate table, too. The focus is put on grades which have the potential of being fabricated soon in industrial processes for production of cermet tools. Application examples for metal cutting, sawing and chip bonding are presented. In two final sections recent modifications and achievements such as graded microstructures, multicomponent binder, and hybrid microstructures are also briefly presented together with an outlook on the future potential of cermet applications.

Abstract: The performed studies of the application features of the cutting tool, hardened by laser pulsed radiation are based on the comprehensive cutting process analysis. In this approach, the modeling results of the cutting process with hardened tool allowing to define the area of the effective use of laser treatment (LT). In particular, the increase in the tool life only for the certain values of the cut depth at the fixed irradiation energy was observed. The causes of the observed phenomena were determined based on durometric researches and studies of the microstructure in the contact zone. The measurements were performed for the cutters (steel R18) after turning structural steel 12Kh2N4A under various cutting modes. It was found that the processes of tool material softening, observed at turning with high feed values, limits the scope of cutting conditions by hardened tool. It is shown that LT leads to increased tool life, operating at the cutting conditions when the growth of tension thermodynamic in the cutting zone does not result in the development of softening processes. It is established that the area cutting modes are restricted to the values of cut depth not exceeding 1.5 mm (V=42.5 m/min, s=0.2 mm/rev) for the investigated pair of tool-workpiece (R18-12Kh2N4A). Tool life increases by more than 4 times compared to the durability of the non-irradiated tool provided the optimal combination of laser processing and hardened tool cutting modes is achieved.

Abstract: The paper presents the bases of a methodology for obtaining a 3D solid model by three-dimensional scanning. The three-dimensional scanning has been available for more than 15 years; and yet, some people have heard of it but a few are familiar with the applications of this technology. 3D scanning is also known as 3D digitization, its name coming from the fact that it is a process that employs a contact or non-contact digitizing feeler in order to capture the form of objects and recreate them as 3D graphic representations in a virtual work space through a very dense network of points (xyz). By means of certain specialized programmes, we can obtain not only the tool’s geometric parameters that can be compared with the obligatory parameters, but also a direct evaluation of the geometric deviations from ideal values.

Abstract: The possibility to improve the conditions of cutting rotary workpieces with intermittent areas by applying conventional tool materials is limited. However the use of tools with working members made from polycrystalline ultra-hard materials (composites) can be very efficient, provided that a negative influence of load impacts on the tool point and the major cutting edge at the moment of the tool lead-in is mitigated.The described method of turning (boring) intermittent surfaces offers more rational conditions for the contact between the tool cutting member and machined workpiece surface and permits eliminating negative effects of impact loads on the tool point. Proper conditions of cutting intermittent surfaces by tools made from 03 composite (petbor) or 10 composite (hexanite-r) can improve machining efficiency by up to 25% due to the intensification of cutting operations as well as to decrease tool purchase expenses by about 20%.

Abstract: Based on the dynamic analysis of ANSYS for the intense state of cutlery and ice, the device can be judged whether it can successfully finish the ice and snow removing job. And the process of straight cutting tool of the same height, width and length with the bending one removing the same ice is analyzed using ANSYS under the same the situation. So the stress distribution diagrams were studied. Comparing the stress distribution diagrams between the cutting tools and ice and snow, some results can be gotten. In addition, the rationality of the choice of cutting tool can be proved.

Abstract: For better selection of coated cutting tools, TiAlN (Ti₅₀Al₅₀N) and CrAlN (Cr₅₀Al₅₀N) coatings were deposited onto ball-nose and square end mills using arc evaporation, and their cutting performances were evaluated using steel workpieces of various hardnesses. In particular, cutting tests were performed on three types of workpieces, made from S50C, SKD61, and SKD11 steels, having Brinell hardness numbers of HB220, HRC40, and HRC60, respectively. The results of the cutting experiments were elucidated and discussed in terms of the mechanical properties and anti-oxidation resistances of the different coatings. The results revealed that TiAlN-coated square end mills at high cutting speeds (V = 200 m/min ) had superior performance when used on steels with high hardness (SKD11), whereas CrAlN-coated ball-nose end mills were superior when used on low hardness steel (S50C). Therefore, CrAlN-coated ball-nose end mills are concluded to be suitable for the machining of low hardness steels, whereas TiAlN-coated square end mills are preferable for the machining of high hardness steels (SKD11).