Papers by Keyword: Cytotoxicity

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the antifungal, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of Zingiber cassumunar gel. The gel was prepared from essential oil of Zingiber cassumunar rhizome by the Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research. Antifungal activity of the gel was firstly determined by the well diffusion method against Candida albicans ATCC 10238 and candida strain isolated from the patient’s lesion. Then, the Agar overlay technique was used to test the cytotoxicity of Z. cassumunar gel on mouse fibroblasts (ATCC clone 929) according to ISO 7405. For anti-inflammatory effect of the gel, TPA (carrageenan lambda type IV, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13- acetate)-induced mouse ear edema method was used. The results of well diffusion showed that Z. cassumunar gel was quite a potent antifungal agent against both strains of tested C. albicans with inhibition zones of 12-13 mm. In the cytotoxicity test, the gel exhibited no toxicity to cell culture. In addition, topical administration of Z. cassumunar gel could decrease mouse ear edema induced by TPA. At 30 and 60 min-time points, Z. cassumunar gel showed higher anti-inflammatory activity than triamcinolone which was used as reference anti-inflammatory drug. In conclusion, gel prepared from Z. cassumunar oil showed antifungal activity against both strains of C. albicans. In addition, its anti-inflammatory effect was demonstrated within 30 min by the TPA-induced mouse ear edema model. The gel was non-toxic to cell culture after 24-h incubation. Further studies are needed to clarify the safety and benefit of this gel for clinical use in the treatment of candidal infection and inflammation.

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to prepare and evaluate a gene delivery system resulted from the intercalation of DNA with magnetic layered double hydroxide (MLDH). The structure and property of the MLDH/DNA hybrids were studied using XRD, FTIR and TG characterization. The cytotoxicity and protection effect of MLDH were evaluated by MTT assay and gel electrophoresis assay. MLDH exhibited lower cytotoxicity than other inorganic nanoparticles. Under physiological conditions, MLDH could protect DNA from enzymatic degradation. Our results confirmed that MLDH can be used safely and effectively as non-viral vectors for gene targeting therapy in form of MLDH/DNA composite.

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the flexural strength and cytotoxicity of ZCC, a resin modified zinc oxide-calcium carbonate liner prototype, compared with commercial dental liners. Materials and Methods: ZCC, Dycal, Ultra-Blend® plus (UB), and TheraCal LC® (TC) were evaluated for flexural strength. Six samples of each material were incubated in growth medium (10% fetal bovine serum supplemented DMEM) for 24 h. Primary human dental pulp cells were cultured in the conditioned medium from each sample, with growth media used as a control. Cytotoxicity was determined using an MTT assay. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The value of p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: UB had the highest flexural strength with Dycal presenting the lowest values (p<0.05). ZCC demonstrated significantly higher flexural strength values compared with those of TC and Dycal (p<0.05). The MTT assay indicated that Dycal conditioned media significantly reduced cell viability at 24 and 48 hours (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in viability between the control, ZCC, UB, and TC groups at 24 and 48 hours (p>0.05). Conclusion: ZCC met the requirements for flexural strength per ISO 9917-2:2010(E). There was no significant difference in viability between the control and ZCC group at 24 and 48 hours.

Abstract: Novel biocompatible tough hydrogels were prepared through free radical micellar polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) with ammonium persulphate (APS) as initiator, in which hydrophobic monomer stearyl acrylate (C18) underwent micellar polymerization in the presence of gelatin as emulsifier. FT-IR and DSC demonstrated the formation of co-polymer of NIPAM and C18. Swelling results indicated that hydrophobic polymer domains derived from C18 in aqueous medium acted as the physical crosslinking points by hydrophobic association. Uniaxial tensile test demonstrated the mechanical properties of hydrogels increased with increasing C18 and gelatin contents. The hydrogel exhibited low toxicity and promoted cell proliferation. The desirable toughness, low toxicity and the promoting effect of cell proliferation made the present hydrogels good candidates for tissue regeneration materials.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the metal ion release and cytotoxicity of MU orthodontic miniscrews as well as two other brands of orthodontic miniscrews over time. Twenty-four orthodontic miniscrews were tested, divided into three groups of eight. Each sample extraction was performed following the ISO 10993-12:2012 method. Solutions were collected after 1, 7, and 30 days (T1, T2, and T3). The supernatants extracted from these three groups were added and exposed to mouse L929 fibroblastic cell line using an MTT cytotoxicity test. They were also tested for ion release by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Element analysis by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used to analyze the surfaces of the miniscrews. The quantification of three elements, namely, titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), and vanadium (V) were assessed. The results indicated that there were no statistical differences between the self-made orthodontic miniscrews and those from two commercial groups (p<0.05). Throughout the testing period, the quantity of ions increased from T1 to T3. After 24 h, vanadium was the first to appear on the surface in small quantities in other two commercial groups. The self-made orthodontic miniscrews exhibited no toxic effects on living cells.

Abstract: Graphene films have been intensively explored because of their unique mechanical and physicochemical properties for potential applications in field of tissue engineering and implants. However, for biomedical applications, it is necessary to fully understand the toxicity and biocompatibility of the prepared graphene films since different synthesis method might lead to different biological properties. Here we report a step-by-step thermal reduction method of preparing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) film directly on various substrates at low heating temperature (below about 200 °C) without requiring any chemical reduction agent like hydrazine or other reductants (therefore we call it green method). Slowly heating GO hydrosol that was coated on the surface of a glass cell-culture dish or inside of a polypropylene tube from room temperature to 60, 100, and 160 °C for 12 h, respectively, a shiny and flat surface without crumpled structure or tiny pores was formed. We peeled it off from the substrate to explore its cytotoxicity. The results exhibited that the rGO film was biocompatible with Cal-72 cell but against Escherichia coli bacteria. Our work confirmed that rGO film produced by the green reduction method is cytocompatible with mammalian cells, which makes this rGO film a promising material for tissue engineering scaffold or as a surface-modification coating of an implant.

Abstract: The global need of biomaterial products especially in bone clinical application increases every year. The gold methods like autograft and allograft have some limitations in the application such as the availability of donor sites, antigenicity issues, the high cost, etc. To solve the problems, many researches and activities in the field of biomaterial have been conducted continuously in the past decades to develop the proper synthetic materials for bone substitutes which have properties similar to bone tissue. In this research, the synthesis of biocomposite for bone scaffold application prepared by freeze drying method has been done successfully. The materials used are biopolymer (alginate and chitosan) and bioceramics (carbonate apatite) with certain mixing variations. SEM result showed that the pores obtained by freeze drying method can mimic the pores of actual bone thus they will be able to resemble cells microenvironment, enhance interface interaction, and support cell proliferation. The existence of carbonate apatite on the scaffold’s surface can be observed with particle size of 0.05 – 1 μm and has been dispersed evenly. These results are in good agreement with FT-IR analysis that indicates the presence of PO₄^3– functional group on the scaffold at wave numbers 569 and 1041.56 cm^–1 and CO₃^2– functional group at wave number 1411.89 cm^–1. The in vitro biological evaluation of HeLa cells which exposed to extract solution of scaffold (in some variations of concentration) indicated that the scaffold obtained was not cytotoxic to the HeLa cells.

Abstract: Objective: To identify and testify the cytotoxicity of the EGFR targeting drug TGFa-SAP conjugated and synthesized with N-succinimidyl-3 (2-pyridyldithio) propionate on human hepatoma cell line BEL-7404 cells and proliferating vascular smooth muscle cells. Methods: Conjugation of saporin with TGFa was accomplished after derivatization of TGFa and saporin with N-succinimidyl-3 (2-pyridyldithio) proprionate and the purification of the conjugate was achieved through Eppendorf Centrifugal Filter. Cytotoxicity assays were measured by MTS assays. The value of Thymidine incorporation in BEL-7404 cells was measured by ³H-thymidine uptake. Results: Cytotoxicity assays testified that TGFa-SAP conjugate could remarkably inhibit the proliferation of human hepatoma cell line BEL-7404 cells in vitro. The value of thymidine incorporation of BEL-7404 cells in TGFa-SAP groups significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0.05), and it had dose-dependence on TGFa-SAP’s concentration. But Saporin could not affect BEL-7404 cells even at higher level (10^-5). TGFa-SAP conjugate had effective cytotoxicity on proliferating vascular smooth muscle cells, also. Conclusion: The results indicated that the conjugated EGFR targeting drug TGFa-SAP had effective cytotoxicity not only on BEL-7404 cells, but also on proliferating vascular smooth muscle cells, as a potential bioactive stent coating material.

Abstract: A foreign body is any object originating outside the body. It may migrate from its entry site and cause pain, inflammation and infection. This study aims to examine in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo tissue response at different implantation sites of two iron-based foreign body (FeFB) specimens: pure Fe wire, Cr-coated Fe wire, and SS316L wire as control. In vitro cytotoxicity was assessed towards rat smooth muscle cells with direct method of methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. In vivo tissue response was examined using mice animal model until day 14 after surgical implantation in subcutaneous nape area and intramuscular right femoral muscle. Cell viability, surface morphology and Fe ion release were examined. Implant density and tissue response were examined by using radiographic imaging and histology, respectively. Results showed that both FeFB specimens exhibited similar cell viability with SS316L. Iron ion concentration was higher in both FeFB medium compared to that of SS316L and with oxide layer formation on their surface. Radiographic analysis showed that the density of both FeFB implants end-side was increased. Meanwhile, histological tissue response at intramuscular sites for FeFB specimens showed a prominent inflammatory response compared to SS316L. Detailed analysis on cell and tissue-material interactions of the iron-based foreign body specimens is discussed further in this article.

Abstract: Natural brown silk biomaterial from silkworm Attacus atlas L. (A. atlas L.) is a biopolymer that has many advantages compared to commercial silk from Bombyx mori (B. mori). The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of A. atlas L. silk on rat smooth muscle cells with the direct method of methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay compared to commercial surgical suture silk. The result showed that brown colored natural silk has low cytotoxicity as same as commercial surgical suture silk with slightly lower cell viability. It was found that A. atlas L. silk potentially can developed to be surgical suture thread as a new expectation of biopolymer material in biomedical products.