Papers by Keyword: Damage Rate

Abstract: For validating the number of displacements per atom (dpa) for tungsten under high-energy proton irradiation, we measured displacement cross sections related to defect-induced electrical resistivity changes in a tungsten wire sample under irradiation with 389-MeV protons under 10 K. The Gifford–McMahon cryocooler was used to cool the sample using a conductive coolant via thermal conduction plates of oxygen-free high-conductivity copper and electrical insulation sheets of aluminum nitride ceramic. In this experiment, the displacement cross section was 1612 ± 371 b for tungsten at 389 MeV. A comparison of the experimental displacement cross sections of tungsten with the calculated results obtained using Norgett–Robinson–Torrens (NRT) dpa and athermal recombination-corrected (arc) dpa cross sections indicates that arc-dpa was in better agreement with the experimental data than NRT-dpa; this is similar to the displacement cross sections of copper. From the measurements of damage recovery of the accumulated defects in tungsten through isochronal annealing, which is related to the defect concentration of the sample, approximately 20% of the damage was recovered at 60 K. This trend was similar to those observed in other experimental results for reactor neutrons.

Abstract: Shown are results of theoretical and experimental research of force modes and limit possibilities of the first and subsequent operations of combined isothermal drawing of axisymmetric parts made out of anisotropic materials through conic and radial matrixes in the mode of short-time creeping. Studied was straining of anisotropic material under conditions of short-time creeping. We ignore the elastic components of strain. We introduced potential straining speeds for an anisotropic body under conditions of short-time creeping. Found was the effect of technological parameters, anisotropy of mechanical properties, and of age-hardening upon the stress condition, the force modes of the operation, and upon the design margin of strain during the first and subsequent operations of combined drawing. Experimental research was carried out for the force conditions and possible limits of straining during the first and second operations of combined isothermal drawing with convex-face and conic matrices in the mode of short-time creeping. Comparing the results of theoretical and experimental research for force modes and strain limits during the first and subsequent operations of combined drawing has shown their satisfactory similarity (up to 5% - 10%).

Abstract: Provided here is a mathematical model of the operation of backward extrusion in the mode of short-time creeping of thick-walled pipe blanks made out of orthotropic material with cylindrical anisotropy of the mechanical properties. Carried out was theoretical research of the operation of isothermal axisymmetric backward extrusion of thick-walled pipe blanks made out of anisotropic materials by conic point-tool in the mode of short-time creeping. Established were regularities regarding the change of material flow kinematics, regarding the stressed and strained condition of the blank, regarding force modes and limit possibilities of deformation depending on the technological parameters, on friction conditions on the contact surfaces of the operating tools and of the blank, regarding the geometrical dimensions of the blank and of the manufactured part, and of the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of the blank material, that on the basis of the developed mathematical model of isothermal non-radial flow of anisotropic material under conditions of axisymmetric stressed and strained conditions in the mode of short-time creeping. Experimental operations were carried out for isothermal backward extrusion of thick-walled pipe blanks made out of АМг6 aluminum and ВТ6С titanium alloys. Comparing the results of theoretical and experimental data for force modes of the operation of isothermal backward extrusion of thick-walled pipe blanks points to their satisfactory similarity (difference not exceeding 5% - 10%).

Abstract: This paper offers some new calculating equations on the small crack growth rate for describing the elastic-plastic behavior of materials under symmetric or un-symmetric cyclic loading. And it yet suggests the estimating formulas of the life relative to varied small crack size aoi at each loading history. The method is to adopt the ratio e p e e D D / by plastic strain range to elastic strain range as a stress-strain parameter, using some staple material parameters as the material constants in damage calculating expression. And it gives out a new concept of the composite material constant, that it is functional relation with each staple material constants, average stress，average strain and critical loading time. The calculated results are accordant with the Landgraf’s equation, so could avoid unnecessary fatigue tests and will be of practical significance to stint times, manpower and capitals, the convenience for engineering applications.