Papers by Keyword: Degradation Pathways

Abstract: The degradation of chlorpyrifos is investigated with the treatments of sonolysis, ozonolysis, and sonolytic ozonolysis at various frequencies. Results show that there exists frequency effect in sonolytic ozonolysis. In sonolytic ozonolysis, the maximum degradation rate is obtained at 495 kHz, and the degradation kinetics is fitted to the first-order kinetics model well. However, the most significant synergistic effect between ultrasonic and ozone is at 124 kHz. The kinetics parameters indicate that chlorpyrifos is much more labile to ultrasonic at 495 kHz, while ozone is much more soluble at 124 kHz. The hydrolysis and oxidation are deduced to contribute to the degradation reaction and the degradation pathway for chlorpyrifos degradation is proposed.

Abstract: Among the new oxidation methods in advanced oxidation processes, heterogeneous photocatalysis based on UV/ titanium dioxide is one of the emerging technologies for degrading and totally mineralizing toxic and highly stable carboxylic acids from waste water has attracted great attention in last decade. The aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids are widely used as reactants or produced as main products or byproducts in various chemical process industries. These chemical process industries generates waste water containing significant amount of carboxylic acids, which need to be removed from waste water before disposal to natural water bodies due to the environmental restrictions and their hazardous effects on flora and fauna. This paper reviews photocatalytic degradation (PCD) process for various carboxylic acids in detail, including basic mechanism of titanium dioxide, effect of carboxylic acid structure and various reaction parameters like effect of initial concentration and kinetic study, catalyst loading, pH, adsorption and deactivation of the photocatalyst. A critical analysis of the available literature has been made and some general conclusions have been drawn related to the above mentioned parameters. The photocatalytic degradation pathways for carboxylic acids are also discussed to understand this process thoroughly.

Abstract: In our study of organic molecules for OLED, we have paid attention to 4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)biphenyl (CBP), an arylamine commonly used as phosphorescent host or hole transport material in OLED, and performed photochemical and photocatalytic experiments. For the photocatalytic experiment, heterogeneous mixture of CBP and TiO₂ powder (Degussa P25) in tetrahydrofuran solution has been placed under UV radiation. Both photochemical and photocatalytic experiments have resulted in degradation of CBP, however, with widely different rates and degradation products. With ever increasing demand for high performance OLEDs, higher stability and longer lifetime of their organic components are essential. In this respect, current informations are sure to be valuable in the design and operation of OLEDs as well as arylamine-based OLED.