Papers by Keyword: Dental Tissue Engineering

Abstract: The dental tissue scaffold must provide a favorable surface for dental pulp stem cell attachment and proliferation. Employing nanohydroxyapatite (HA) and nanofluorohydroxyapatite (FHA) beside synthetic and organic polymer in favor of scaffolds would be used in bone and dental tissue engineering. In this research, nanoHA and FHA/chitosan scaffolds were synthesized by freeze-drying technique. Surface morphology, chemical composition and hydrophilicity have a great impact on initial cell attachment which will further affect the cell viability and proliferation which evaluated by SEM, XRD and contact angle measurement. Bioactivity of scaffolds was investigated by immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) and cell proliferation assay. In freeze-drying technique percentage usage of hydroxyapatite could be risen up to 40% and shown better macro-mechanical and physical properties and bioactivity. According to obtained results by adding chitosan, contact angle was decreased by %54 and %37 for polycaprolactone (PCL)/HA and PCL/FHA scaffolds. In addition, addition of chitosan causes significant increase in the cell proliferation for PCL/HA and PCL/FHA up to 81% and 164%, respectively. These results indicate that PCL/FHA/chitosan scaffold represent a big potential for dental tissue engineering.

Abstract: Incorporation of hydroxyapatite (HA) with organic polymer would be used in bone and dental tissue engineering. According to prior researches, because of its chemical similarity to natural bone and dental, this scaffold could improve bioactivity and bone bonding ability. In this research, nano-hydroxyapatite/ chitosan scaffolds were synthesized by two different methods to investigate the effect of different method on scaffold properties. Morphological properties of scaffold such as pore size and fibers diameter were investigated using SEM evaluation, and also bioactivity of scaffolds were measured in simulated body fluid (SBF). The results indicate that Chitosan/nano-Hydroxyapatite scaffold might be a suitable scaffold for tooth engineering while electrospinning techniques present more flexibility and controllable pore size than freeze-drying while with freeze-drying technique percentage of usage hydroxyapatite could be risen up to 40% and shown better macro-mechanical and physical properties.

Abstract: Dental pulp cell research might open a promising application in tooth tissue regeneration. The aim of this study is to establish a protocol for in vitro culture the human dental pulp stem cells to apply in tissue engineering. Human premolar and impacted third molars were collected and disinfected. Dental pulp fragments were cultured with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium: Nutrient Mixture F-12 (DMEM/F12) medium supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS). Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were identified using proliferation assay, RT-PCR and flow cytometry. Growth of DPSCs on dentin surface was assessed by MTT assay. The study showed that we successfully isolated, cultured and characterized dental pulp cells by outgrowth method. Cultured population of cells expressed in high level of Oct4, CD146, CD90, CD44. DPSCs proliferated on chemically and mechanically treated dentin surface. This research provides important information and a basis for further investigations to establish dental tissue engineering protocols.

Abstract: Novel Poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/ Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs)/ hydroxyapatite (HA) nanofibrous scaffolds with high porosity and well-controlled pore architectures were prepared via electrospinning techniques. The structure, morphology, molecular weight change of the scaffolds were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results noticed that the average diameter of hybrid nanofiber was similar to that of PLLA/HA fiber, but the surface of hybrid fibers was much coarser because of the introduction of MWNTs nano-particles. The biocompatibility of the scaffold has been investigated by human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) cell culture on the scaffold. The preliminary results showed that cells were well adhered and proliferated on the hybrid scaffolds as well as PLLA/HA fibers. Based on the experimental observations, the aligned nanofibrous PLLA/ MWNTs /HA scaffold could be used as a potential candidate scaffold in dental tissue engineering.

Abstract: Efficacy of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA)/nano-hydroxyapatite(HA) hybrid nanofibrous scaffolds for dental tissue engineering is described and their performance on normal cells with MG-63 is compared as well in this study. Perfectly PLLA/HA fibrous scaffolds were fabricated by an electrospinning process under optimal condition. Cell culcure and adenovirus encoding green fluorenscent protein technique were used to study the morphology of cells grown on the scaffolds.
The results show that the growth of DPSCs and PCs is well observed attached to the PLLA/HA fibers, as well as MG-63, which indicate that the nanofibrous PLLA/HA scaffold could be used as a potential cell carrier in dental tissue engineering.