Papers by Keyword: Depletion

Abstract: Pyro-metallurgical copper production is characterized by the formation of a large amount of slags. The copper content in the smelt slag is 0.5-2 %, in the vessel slag - about 5%, which often exceeds the copper content in the mined ores (about 1%). This makes depletion of slag a necessary operation in the pyro-metallurgical production of copper. In addition, about 110 million tons of copper slags have been accumulated in the dumps of copper factories in the Urals. The processing of these slags which contain up to 2.5% Cu is a very important task, the solution of which will allow extracting copper and reducing the areas occupied by the dumps.

Abstract: A reservoir model is developed to characterize the functioning of the karst aquifer of the Jinci Spring. It is based on the relationship of the groundwater storage deficit and the groundwater level. The relationship is derived from the monitoring data of the aquifer. The model is verified with the monitoring data (1981-2006) and is used to predict the recovery of the Jinci Spring flow and the groundwater level in the aquifer under three exploitation schemes with the future rainfall data provided by the National Climate Center (NCC). The results show that the Jinci Spring will flow out again before 2050 under Scheme I and II. The Xuan Spring will flow out earlier than the Jinci Spring. However, both of the two springs cannot spout under Scheme III. The model takes account of the artificial recharge, pumping and coal mine drainage, and can simulate the spring discharge, karst groundwater level and the storage deficit accurately at an annual time scale. The model is suitable for macroscopic groundwater management.

Abstract: The primary problem of eco-materials is how to judge whether a material is environmentally friendly or not, and the method of life cycle assessment is usually used to evaluate it. The depletion of mineral resources is a very important indicator of LCA, but its characterization is still filled with dispute. At present, the most commonly used method is CML, which is put forward by Leiden University, and its core idea is that using the ratio of exploitation amount and reserves of mineral resources as the degree of scarcity. Although being accepted by most of the scholars at work on LCA, CML doesn’t grasp the essence of the depletion of mineral resources. Recently, a new assessment method, injecting new ideas to the conventional life cycle assessment, combines exergy with LCA is arising, which can be used to solve some specific problems of LCA especially the depletion of mineral resources. In this paper, two results of elements’ exergy calculated by Rivero and Szargut respectively are compared, and the exergy of some natural minerals, which can be used in LCA and other minerals-related research, is calculated based on the data of Chinese mineral resources.

Abstract: The influence of thermodynamic constraints like the size, depletion, surface tension and kinetic constraints like energy barrier for diffusion on nonsteady separation kinetics in binary nanopowder is investigated. Here we present a numeric analysis of size hysteresis and its peculiarities using the standard kinetic equation approach.