Papers by Keyword: Design

Abstract: The unkempt state of many ceiling fans in offices, homes and industries due to poor maintenance in term of cleaning and the wastage of energy as a result of carelessness in appliance usage inform the design of a ceiling fan with autonomous capability. The design of the ceiling fan was done using appropriate design equations and Solidworks CAD software. Different concepts were conceived and the best concept was determined using one of the Multi – Criteria decision Tools named Pugh Matrix Method. After which, simulation was done using ANSYS and Proteus 8.1 design suite to test functionality of the design. The outcome shows that at no load in the room, the ceiling fan switches off automatically and also when occupants are in the room with an increase in temperature above ambient temperature (25 °C), the ceiling fan switches on. The simulation results analysis of stress, strain, shear force, deflection, factor of safety and bending moment on the embedded cleaner gave 112.717 MPa, 0.007496, 5 N, 60.28 mm, 1.8346 and 0.8965 Nm respectively. Furthermore, the result revealed that the autonomous capability of the cleaning mechanism gave an efficiency of 85%. The cost to implement this innovation is estimated at twenty five dollar.

Abstract: Urban built environment consumes number of earth and forest materials that cause environmental degradations and also release greenhouse gases in atmosphere leading to extreme climate changes in recent decades. In the changed scenario, new materials are required to face adversaries’ like flash floods, cloud bursts, landslides, forest fires, high temperatures etc. There is also a need to adopt materials which help us to fight against these adversities and reduce GHG emissions. For this purpose material scientists and product designers have used innovative ideas that are replacing the old traditional materials. Some of them being new insulating concrete foams, multiwall cladding, engineered wood etc. Adaptation of using new design concepts, materials and built environment energy modelling strategy cuts off emissions as well as reduce the total energy load of building. In the present study an assessment has been done for engineered smart technology enabled building materials and design concepts that can help in achieving sustainable development which is the need of the hour.

Abstract: The study presents the design of a highly efficient cooking stove for rural applications, along with performance evaluation. Drawing on diverse literature, existing works were analysed to derive design enhancements. Utilizing SolidWorks and Creo, a model was constructed, followed by material selection and cost analysis using accessible market components. ANSYS Fluent enabled flow analysis for both optimal and real configurations, complemented by experimental tests for validation. Results underscore the stove's efficiency, evident in reduced wood consumption for cooking and decreased soot generation. Significantly, the system's heat transfer rate reached 11.67°C/min, outperforming open stoves at 3.42°C/min, while maintaining affordability at RM 415.34. Nomenclature = Temperature transfer efficiency for heat recovery = Temperature outside air before entering system = Temperature inside air after system heat transfer has occurred = Temperature inside air before system is switched on = Temperature Transfer Efficiency for Heat Loss

Abstract: The advantages of natural light in construction include connecting to the outside world, giving rooms a bigger appearance, and allowing a sense of time and knowing the weather. Additionally, it reduces the energy consumption associated with artificial lighting. The sun, moon, stars, and thermal heat are all sources of natural light. Energy-saving measures and design elements are integrated into natural lighting in buildings. By developing systems, natural lighting has been improved in efficiency. Solar energy can be directly used, and artificial lighting can be reduced. Vision can be enhanced by creating an unobstructed environment but can also be impaired by it. This study aims to define visual comfort in built environments by using natural light and energy-saving methods. Higher latitudes experience warmer temperatures due to the spreading of solar radiation over a larger surface area, while lower latitudes experience cooler temperatures. Creating daylight requires four stages: a consideration of neighborhood conditions, a consideration of the depth and geometry of the space, a consideration of specific spaces, and a consideration of the middle layers without direct access to daylight. In Malaysia, one of the top countries for absorbing solar energy, architects should utilize cutting-edge science and technology to improve the quality of their projects.

Abstract: This project-based research examined the explorations of the Soekarno-Irian Barat Rupiah banknotes' visual element as textile motifs, which were then produced into a womenswear collection using the digital printing technique. The topic was chosen based on the phenomenon among the society that often sees money only as a payment tool, while actually, it bears more meanings for a nation, including historical, cultural, and political messages, which makes it eligible to be also known as a cultural heritage product that deserves to be preserved. One alternative to preserving the visual elements of a cultural heritage product is through textile and fashion products application. The project started with literature studies and interviews; explorations of motifs, designs, materials, and also style studies; and was completed with fabric and garments production. The considerations behind the aforementioned aspects in the methodology were made through a design thinking framework with mixed-methodological approach which combines qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis. The intended impact of this practice work is to create a new perspective towards banknotes as a case study for cultural heritage artefacts whose design elements can be preserved through product application in the creative industry, such as textile and fashion products.

Abstract: The world's design industry has suffered from the transformation from single-product design to mass-produced product design and the industrial revolution that today is the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and 5.0. Similarly, the design industry in Vietnam also has to go through that transformation process to develop, in which the team of trained designers plays a vital role in the transformation process and development. Around the world, research on the transformation process of design types, concepts, classifications, design processes, and their applications in all areas of life are the core bases for building goals, content, and methods of human resource training programs in the design industry. This article summarizes some typical design concepts and research results on the current situation, trends, and needs of the design industry in the world and Vietnam. On that basis, propose directions to supplement knowledge and develop design human resource training, especially in the fashion design industry, for the current economy in Vietnam.

Abstract: The design and energy simulation of carbon dioxide captured process through which Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plant has been achieved using Monoethanolamine (MEA) as a solvent. An optimization and technical parameter study for which CO₂ captured process (CCP) from the flue gas of a natural gas liquefaction plant was formed based on absorption/desorption process with MEA solutions, using ASPEN HYSYS. This optimization was aimed at reducing the energy requirement for solvent regeneration, by investigating the effects of CO₂ removal percentage, stripper operating pressure and cooling water flow. Also, the study showed that major energy savings can be realized by optimizing the lean solvent loading the CO₂ transmission phase as well as the stripper operating pressure through the compression and pumping process in the CCP. The specifications, equipment thickness, and cost models were developed based on the principles of conservation of mass and energy, and thermodynamic principles. Aspen HYSYS simulation was carried out on the entire CCP using flue gas of composition carbon dioxide (8.7%), water (17.8%), nitrogen (73.3%), oxygen (0.2%), sulphur dioxide (0.0017%), and nitrox (0.0097%) with input process conditions of pressure 101.6kPa, temperature 150°C and flow rate of 500tons per day. During the study, a minimum thermal energy requirement was found at a lean MEA loading of 0.13, using a 40 wt.% MEA solution and a stripper operating pressure of 130 kPa, resulting in a thermal energy requirement of 1.025 GJ/ton CO₂. Recoveries were done at 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 99% of the simulation process. Suitable correlation models were developed relating to the energy consumption rate per stripper operating pressure and specific thermal energy consumption per solvent flow rate with percentage recoveries. When compared to the simulation result, minimum errors of 0.05% and 2% respectively were obtained. The relationship between the compressor power and CO₂ recovery was linear at a minimum power consumption of 130 kW at 75% recovery while a maximum consumption of 175 kW was obtained at 99% recovery. It was observed that the specific thermal energy consumption per solvent is linearly related to the extent of recoveries, as higher energy was required to recover more CO₂. Compression and pumping with supercritical liquefaction taking the CO₂ above critical pressure of 100bar through three compression sections, inter-cooled to 40°C with water at ambient conditions. Thus, enhancing the high efficiency of the system. The HYSYS simulation results, the process conditions and the characterized flue gas were used for the manual computations to determine the efficiency of the CO₂, the size and specifications of the absorber and the amine regenerator columns. The HYSYS results obtained from the simulation of the entire CCP gave a recovery of 99% of the CO₂ removed from its initial content (8.7%). The energy and thermodynamic analysis of the CCP carried out gave result with the cycle efficiency of 94.92%, an efficient process with 20% energy reduction due to compression and pumping action done by incorporating pumps in the process. The results of the specifications from the material balance of the absorber and amine regenerator columns gave the diameter, height, and number of trays of these units in the CCP as, 2.215m; 10m, and 25, and 2m; 6m, and 20 respectively. While, the thickness results for the ellipsoidal doomed head and cylindrical shell of the absorber and amine regenerator columns were respectively given as, 8.27mm and 8.26mm, and 81.17mm and 78.33mm. The overall cost, including the cost of utilities, for the entire plant was obtained to be $19.629m.

Abstract: A design of 225[metric tons per year] of an acetone plant from isopropanol alcohol (IPA) was developed. The design considers the fundamental principles of mass and energy balance to size the units of the acetone plant, particularly the Gibbs reactor, separator, absorber, and distillation columns. The beauty of plant design is to account for the material and energy conservation principles interactions and specify the dimensions of the main unit operations of the plant. The HYSYS simulation software was used to design the acetone plant, and the properties of the fluid were used to manually size the plant. The four components resulting from the reaction of IPA and water (acting as a catalyst) to obtain acetone and hydrogen are 2-propanol, acetone, hydrogen, and water. The balance of how these components is heated, reacted, cooled, separated, absorbed, and distilled of acetone from a mixture of IPA/water is shown logically with sketches for the material and energy values of the key unit operations of the plant. The mechanical design of the units was performed to determine the thickness of the columns. In addition, a cost-plus-economic analysis of acetone was carried out. The results indicate that, the sizing of the units gave the following results viz: manually, the reactor with sized 5.4 [m³], 1.56[m] and 2.34[m] as the diameter and height respectively, the separator was sized to 1.78[m] diameter and 2.67[m] height with 6.631[m³] volume, the absorber column gave 0.085[m] diameter, 1.1[m] height, and the distillation column design values are 0.202[m] column diameter, 10.8[m] height and the weir length of 0.154[m]. The overall cost, including the cost of utilities for the entire plant, was [$]7.792million; the equivalent annual operating cost was [$]4.408million; and the thicknesses of the reactor, separator, absorber, and dilation columns are respectively 2.42[mm], 11.71[mm], 1.99[mm] and 3.36[mm]. Validation of the manual design was carried out with HYSYS simulation results, which indicated that the design models were reliable and could be adopted for the design because the deviation values on the specifications of the units are small ranges from 0.04 – 0.4. The result of the design showed that acetone production from the IPA route was recommended and that the HYSYS simulation formed part of the entire design of the acetone plant.

Abstract: The development of drag and lift balance aimed to modify and creating a measuring instrument that may be used in the field of aerodynamics or in testing aerodynamic properties. This measurement is in the form of wind speed on an object model such as airfoils, building models and automotive technology. This design uses an open circuit wind tunnel with a low turbulence subsonic type, with a maximum air speed of 30 m/s. The exsisting wind tunnel still uses an analogue measuring instrument which is then modify in a digital arduino-based for drag and lift balance measuring instrument with a drag and lift sensor maximum load of 1kg (v=30m/s) and maximum air speed of 50m/s. The Measuring instrument is calibrated using a 1kg weight test equipment for testing with the test object model (spherical, hemispherical, cylindrical, cube) and three types of airfoil models. The test results are in the form of drag coefficient (C_d) and lift coefficient (C_L). The coefficient of drag is greatest in the cube shape and lowest in the sphere, but will decrease in value at a speed of 20 m/s. In the airfoil, the values ​​of C_d and C_L have the same trend with the literature with an uncertainty value of less than 10%. The value of C_L / C_d will increase as the angle of attack increases, but can very significantly depending on the fluid, airfoil, and aircraft type.

Abstract: The development of arthropod-inspired robotic architecture, modeled after the limbs of insects and other animals, has enabled robots to behave more flexibly and adaptively in different environments. Among these designs, hexapod robots have gained significant attention due to their potential use in disaster rescue scenarios, providing vital support for lifesaving and damage control in emergency situations. This study addresses the numerical analysis of a hexapod robot specifically tailored for use in disaster areas, with a particular focus on the crucial aspect of material optimization. Hexapod robots, equipped with articulated legs that mimic insect-like movements, have shown remarkable success in exploration tasks, especially in navigating hard-to-reach places. The main body of the robot was designed using durable yet lightweight materials to optimize load-bearing capacity for the required equipment and rescue tools. A thorough static numerical analysis was performed to ensure the structural integrity and efficiency of the robot. Finite element simulation programs were used for the static numerical analysis, allowing evaluation of the stresses and deformations to which the robot would be subjected under various loading conditions. The selection of materials played a critical role in improving the robot's performance and survivability during disaster operations. Various materials, including composites and advanced alloys, were tested, and analyzed for their mechanical properties and suitability for harsh conditions. In particular, the resistance of the robot to the impact of a falling cubic reinforced concrete element was investigated by simulating a stone collapse. The results of this study shed light on the influence of materials on the robot's ability to cope with unpredictable and challenging scenarios, ultimately contributing to the development of more robust and reliable Hexapod robots for disaster operations. The results of this research contribute significantly to ongoing advances in robotics technology for disaster operations. By leveraging the unique characteristics of arthropod-inspired Hexapod robots and optimizing their material composition, this study highlights the potential of these mobile devices to revolutionize rescue operations in challenging and hazardous environments, ultimately saving lives and minimizing the impact of disasters.